GI Tract

Question 1

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

double layered serous membrane that covers abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 2

what does the parietal peritoneum do?

Answer 2

covers the body wall

Question 3

what does the visceral peritoneum do?

Answer 3

covers the organs

Question 4

what are intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 4

fully covered by the peritoneum

Question 5

what are retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 5

pushed up against abdominal wall and partially covered by peritoneum

Question 6

what is a mesentery?

Answer 6

double layer of visceral peritoneum that attaches an organ to the body wall

Question 7

what is a omentum?

Answer 7

double layer of visceral peritoneum that attaches one organ to another

Question 8

what are the layers of the GI tract?

Answer 8

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 9

what is the arterial supply to the GI tract?

Answer 9

celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric artery

Question 10

what is segmentation?

Answer 10

cycles of contraction that fragment the bolus and mix it with digestive juices

Question 11

what is the defecation reflex?

Answer 11

simulated then faeces are in the rectum

Question 12

what is an example of 2 exocrine glands involved in the GI tract?

Answer 12

salivary and pancreas

Question 13

what are two examples of endocrine glands of the GI tract?

Answer 13

pancreas and neuroendocrine cells of the stomach

Question 14

what is the function of salivary amylase?

Answer 14

carb digestion, serous fluid washes oral cavity, mucin lubrication

Question 15

what do parietal cells release?

Answer 15

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 16

what do chief cells release?

Answer 16

pepsinogen

Question 17

what do enteroendocrine cells release?

Answer 17

gastrin

Question 18

what does HCL in gastric juice do?

Answer 18

kills microbes, breaks down connective tissue in meat and plants, converts pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 19

what does the pancreas release?

Answer 19

1.5L of pancreatic juices/day

Question 20

what do acini cells do?

Answer 20

secrete propetidases, amylase lipase

Question 21

what do duct cells secrete?

Answer 21

water and sodium bicarbonate

Question 22

what are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 22

right, left, caudate, quadrate

Question 23

what causes cholecystokinin to be released?

Answer 23

presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum

Question 24

what does CCK do?

Answer 24

gall bladder releases bile, spinchter of odds relaxes

Question 25

what does maltase do?

Answer 25

maltose to 2x glucose

Question 26

what does lactase do?

Answer 26

lactose to glucose and galactose

Question 27

what does sucrase do?

Answer 27

sucrose to glucose and fructose

Question 28

what are micelles?

Answer 28

where free fatty acids and glycerol have interacted with bile salts

Question 29

what are glycerol and free fatty acids re synthesised to?

Answer 29

chylomicrons