GIT

Question 1

Where thus the majority of the parietal cells can be seen

Answer 1

Body

some of which are also present in the cardia and fundus

Question 2

which is the consistently largest artery of the stomach

Answer 2

Left gastric artery

Directly arise from the celiac trunk
15% of the time it supplies the aberrant vessels that travel in the gastrohepatic ligament (lesser omentum) to the left side of the liver

Question 3

A region in which it is important in HCL secretion

Answer 3

cardia

Question 4

It is where the interstitial cells of Cajal are located and the site of autonomic pacemaker responsible for initiating gastric motor activity

Answer 4

Fundus

Question 5

the site which has the crucial role in capacitance by undergoing receptive relaxation

Answer 5

fundus

Question 6

A site where G cells are located

Answer 6

Antrum

Question 7

This supply the posterior part of the fundus which is the culprit in most ulcer recurrence following truncal vagotomy

Answer 7

Criminal nerve of Grassi

Question 8

Cells that secrete HCL and intrinsic factor which is needed in the absorption of Vitamin B12

Answer 8

Parietal cells(oxyntic)

Question 9

Cells that secrete Pepsinogen, gastric lipase, and leptin

Answer 9

Chief cells (zymogens)

Question 10

what cells secrete serotonin

Answer 10

Enterochromaffin cells

Question 11

Cells that secrete histamine

Answer 11

ECL cells

Question 12

Cells that secrete somatostatin

Answer 12

D cells

Question 13

Cells that secrete gastrin

Answer 13

G cells

Question 14

Products of substance that induces gastric secretion

Answer 14

Acetylcholine
Histamine
Gastrin

Question 15

Products of substance that inhibits gastric secretion

Answer 15

Somatostatin

Question 16

Most potent stimulants of gastrin

Answer 16

luminal peptides and amino acids

Question 17

most potent inhibitor of gastrin secretion

Answer 17

luminal acid

Question 18

The primary function of leptin

Answer 18

decrease appetite

Leptin is a protein primarily synthesize by the adipocyte
Anorexigenic

Question 19

Orexigenic regulator of appetite

Answer 19

Ghrelin

It is a potent secretagogue of pituitary growth hormone
Hunger signal hormone

Question 20

approximately how long does it take to the stomach to empty half of the solid meal

Answer 20

<2hrs

Question 21

H. pylori cause increase acid production in the stomach in what way?

Answer 21

Inhibition of D cells

H. pylori infection is associated with a decreased level of somatostatin these effects are probably mediated by h. pylori-induced local alkalinization of the antrum(antral acidification is the most potent antagonist to antral gastric secretion) and h. pylori mediated local mediator and cytokines

Question 22

calcium absorption primarily occurs at which organ

Answer 22

Duodenum

Question 23

the best test to confirm eradication of h.pylori

Answer 23

Urea breath test

Question 24

The best method for determining if there was an inadequate vagotomy performed

Answer 24

Stimulated PPI (pancreatic polypeptide) level

Question 25

based on Blatchford Score the variables that confer the highest risk for mortality for a patient with bleeding duodenal ulcer

Answer 25

BUN >25mmol/L

Hgb<10g/dl

Question 26

Variables un risk stratification for upper gastrointestinal bleeding(Blatchford Score)

Answer 26

Systolic BP <90
BUN >25
hgb <10g/dl

Melena
syncope
pulse >100
hepatic disease
cardiac failure

Question 27

Operative procedure for PUD which has the highest incidence of postoperative diarrhea

Answer 27

Truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty

Question 28

Most common premalignant lesion of the stomach

Answer 28

Atrophic gastritis

Question 29

Prophylactic total gastrectomy may be indicated

Answer 29

familial mutation for the D-cadherin gene, is associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer