GIT patho

Question 1

definition of polyps

Answer 1

fleshy, protuberant growth on epithelial surface

Question 2

2 types of growth patterns of polyps

Answer 2

1. pedunculated
2. sessile (no stalk)

Question 3

why are polyps more prominent in the elderly

Answer 3

age
= 1. accumulation of mutations in mucosa
2. reduced immunity
= more likely to develop colorectal adenomatous polyps

Question 4

how to remove polyps (2 types)

Answer 4

pedunculated: removed by looping a snare to cauterise the stalk
sessile:
inject saline into SUBMUCOSA
= elevate the polyp
= facilitate snaring

Question 5

what are the 5 types of polyps (not sure if need to know this, check)

Answer 5

1. neoplastic
2. hyperplastic or inflammatory
3. hamaromatous of developmental
4. mesenchymal
5. miscellaneous

Question 6

where do fundic gland polyps arise from and what is it caused by

Answer 6

arise from fundic glands
caused by
genetic - FAP, peutz jegher’s syndrome
sporadic - chronic PPI use

Question 7

what are the microscopic features of fundic gland polyps

Answer 7

1. dilated glands/ microcysts lined by oxyntic epithelium
2. shortened foveloa
3. increased smooth muscle bundles in lamina propria
4. no proliferation of foveolar epithelium

Question 8

what are the features of polyps at the GI sphincter