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GCSE Geography > Glaciation > Flashcards

Glaciation Flashcards

1
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Erosion caused by rocks and boulders in the base of the glacier acting like a giant file scraping rocks below

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2
Q

What is an Arête?

A

Sharp ridge formed between 2 Corries cutting back by process of erosion

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3
Q

What is bulldozing?

A

ice pushes materials of all shapes and sizes as it moves forward

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4
Q

What is a Corrie?

A

A hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion, rotational slip and freeze thaw weathering

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5
Q

What is a drumlin?

A

Hill made of glacial till deposited by a moving glacier, usually elongated

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6
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is houses and gardens?

A

5%

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7
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is natural grasslands?

A

6%

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8
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is sheep grazed moors and heathlands?

A

7%

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9
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is peat bogs?

A

9%

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10
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is woodland?

A

10%

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11
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is arable crops/fields?

A

27%

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12
Q

How much of the Uk’s land is pastures?

A

28%

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13
Q

What is lowland?

A

close to or below 200m above sea level

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14
Q

What is upland?

A

Upland is usually made up of mountains or high hills

They are normally areas over 600m above sea level

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15
Q

What is an example of low land?

A

Fens in East Anglia

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16
Q

What is an example of upland?

A

Cumbria mountains in the Lake District

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17
Q

How long ago was the last ice age?

A

20,000 years ago

18
Q

What is a glacial period?

A

When global temperatures drop to an average of 11 degrees centigrade from the current 15 degrees centigrade

19
Q

How thick was the ice in the last ice age?

A

3 km

20
Q

In the ice age how would large glaciers flow down hill?

A

From gravity

21
Q

What is an interglacial period?

A

Retreat of ice to higher longitudes or latitudes

22
Q

What caused the ice age?

A

Orbiting changes with the earth and sun

23
Q

What is a glacier?

A

A moving body of ice

24
Q

What is weathering?

A

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks in-situ by the action of rain water, extremes of temperature and biological activity

25
Q

What is glacial erosion?

A

The wearing away and removal of the land by flowing water, ice or water

26
Q

What is plucking?

A

Plucking is where the glacier moves over an area of rock. Due to friction, the glacier melts and water seeps into cracks around the rocks below. The water refreezes and the rock effectively becomes part of the glacier and is ripped out when the glacier continues to move forward

27
Q

What is an errratic?

A

Rocks which have been transported and deposited by a glacier

28
Q

What is freeze-thaw weathering?

A

Cold climates - freezing point - water enters the cracks during the warmer day and freezes during the colder

29
Q

What is a glacial trough?

A

Widened and deepened river valley, caused by erosive action of glaciers

30
Q

What is a hanging valley?

A

A tributary valley to the main glacier, too cold and too high for ice to easily move

31
Q

What is a land use conflict?

A

When different users of land don’t agree on how it should be used

32
Q

What is moraine?

A

Frost shattered rock debris and material eroded from the valley floor

33
Q

What is out wash?

A

Material deposited by melt water streams in front of and under the glacier

34
Q

What is a pyramidal peak?

A

Several corrida cut back and meet, the mountain takes the form of a steep pyramid

35
Q

What is a ribbon lake?

A

elongated, narrow lake found in glaciated valleys formed in location where the glacier had more erosive power

36
Q

What is rotational slip?

A

Ice moves in a circular motion, this process can help to erode hollows and deepen hollows into a bowl shape

37
Q

What is till?

A

An unsorted mixture of sand, clay and boulders carried by a glacier and deposited

38
Q

Where does till come from?

A

From the surrounding mountains, till also comes from erosion because the rocks get plucked away

39
Q

2 key physical geography features in the Lake District?

A

Mountain - scaffolding pike

Arête - Red tarn

40
Q

How many people go on holiday to the Lake District each year?

A

18 million

GCSE Geography (13 decks)

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