Glaciation

Question 1

What is the case study for Glaciation

Answer 1

The Lake district

Question 2

Name a corrie in the lake district

Answer 2

NE side of Helyvellyn

Question 3

Name an Arête in the lake district

Answer 3

Striding edge

Question 4

Name a pyramidal peak in the lake district

Answer 4

Scafell pike

Question 5

name the processes of erosion

Answer 5

plucking
abrasion
freeze- thaw weathering

Question 6

describe plucking

Answer 6

Ice freezes onto cracked rocks
ice moves downhill due to the force of gravity and tears out pieces of rock
leaving behind a ruff or ragged surface

Question 7

describe abrasion

Answer 7

peices of rock frozen onto the base of a glacier grind away the landscape underneath it
leaving a smooth polished surface

Question 8

describe freeze thaw weathering

Answer 8

water enters cracks and freezes and expands and contracts
after many times expanding and contracting rocks eventually break off
leaving behind a ragged surface

Question 9

describe the formation of a corrie

Answer 9

• snow gathers in north facing hallows
• snow pills up and compresses lower layers of snow turning them into ice called glaciers
• the back of the hallow was steeped by plucking
• the base of the hallow was depended by abrasion
• rocks in the back wall were removed by freeze thaw weathering
• the rotation movement create a deep hallow and a rock lip from over deepening
• when ice melted a deep step backed semi circular hallow was left
• a corrie loch or tarn was left in the base of a corrie

Question 10

decribe the formation of an arête

Answer 10

an arête is a ridge that results when two corrie are formed back to back
describe how a corrie is formed ….
glaciers eroded backwards
- the edge becomes narrow until a narrow ridge was formed called an arête
- the ridge is jagged as it is exposed to freeze thaw weathering

Question 11

describe the formation of a pyramidal peak

Answer 11

three corries form back to back
explain corries …
corries we’re created on all sides of the mountain
arêtes seperate the corries
as the corries eroded backwards and got bigger a steep sided peak between them was formed
ftw eroded the top of the mountain abc created a pyramidal peak

Question 12

describe the formation of a u shaped valley

Answer 12

• glaciers flowed into v shaped valleys and changed it shape by eroding it
• the sides of the valley were steepened by plucking
• the valley flor became wider and deeper by abrasion
• the valley also was stepped by ftw
• interlocking spurs were eroded creating truncated spurs making the valley staigheter
  it became deeper and steeper creating such shape
  -now there is no ice they have small rivers called misfit streams running through them
• some u shaped valley floors were over deepened and were filled with water called ribbon lakes

Question 13

hanging valleys

Answer 13

tributary river valley had small glaciers
ther valleys eroded less deeply
tributary valley hung over u shaped valley
rivers flowing fell down steep gradients to join the main river
rivers often fall in the form of a waterfall
an alluvial fan is formed at the bad when materials are deposited

Question 14

formation of a ribbon lake

Answer 14

some glaciers were able to erode more deeply
a barrier of hard rock ran across the valley
this acted as an obstruction
the ice was dammed so the glacier thickened and became a more powerful eroded
ice flowing over the barrier was faster and stronger
as a result the glacier over deepened the valley
when the ice melted it resulted in the formation of a king narrown ribbon lake

Question 15

name land uses in the lake district

Answer 15

hill sheep farming
forestry
water supply
industry
renewable energy
tourism

Question 16

describe the forestry use in the lake district

Answer 16

coniferous trees grow well in upland areas
provides jobs : cutting trees transporting
forest commission planned loads of trees

Question 17

describe hill sheep farming in the lake district

Answer 17

slopes too steep for machinery
growing season is short
soil is poor and infertile
sheeps are hardy and agile :
- poor quality grazing
- woolen costa keep them warm
- don’t need care

Question 18

describe the water supply in the lake district

Answer 18

rainfall is heavy this water is available
lake windermere supply fresh water to man
natural lakes cheaper than creating respuviours
granite is imperimable so stores water

Question 19

decribe industry in the lake district

Answer 19

few factories bc : - few skilled workers
- market is limited
- roads are narrow and slim
- limited flat land

loads of extractive industries bc :
- slate is quarried and used for roof
- granite is quarried and used for house and road building
- limestone is extracted for use in steel work
local rocks are used for buildings and dry stone walls

Question 20

describe renewable energy in the lake district

Answer 20

wind farms
- high marginal land for wind farms
- high areas so strong steady winds generate power
- green renewable energy so encouraged by the government

Question 21

describe tourism in the lake district

Answer 21

scenery - 76 ribbon lakes
high peaks
glaciated scenery

dry stone walls - granite
pretty villages and local shops

recreation - water sports in lakes
hill walking
fishing and white water rafting

historical and cultural features - pencil museum
castles

amenities - M6 motor way - easy access
near by cities
variety of accommodations- bnb camping
shops and entertainment tourism and cinemas

Question 22

describe conflicts between tourist and farmers

Answer 22

• tourists going hill walking trample farm land and on farmers crops resulting in less produce to see and less income
• foot path erosion
• leave gates open so animals can get out and potentially get hurt leading to an increase in vet bills
• dogs scare pregnant sheep causing miscarriages and increased vet bills
• ruin fences so professionals need to repair which is costly
• traffic from tourists delay farmers delivering fresh produce
• drop little which can choke sheep

Question 23

solutions to farmers vs tourists

Answer 23

• build styles to help walkers look after the countryside
• ensure dogs are kept on leashes and encourage people to pick up their poo
• create footpaths that are durable and made of granite bc it is hard wearing and blends in with the country
• kissing gates

Question 24

describe the conflicts between power companies and resdiances

Answer 24

• wind turbine and resouviors take up valuable farmland which means they take up valuable land which could be cultivated
• unsightly and spoil the natural beauty of the countryside
• they are very noisy and disturb the peace and quiet
  -migrating birds are often killed if they fly into them
• the ground vibrates which impacts soil life eg works slaters beetles

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Question 25

solutions to power companies vs tourists

Answer 25

• locate wind farms in isolated areas away from tourists on poor land and very high areas
• ## away from bird colonies

Question 26

tourists vs residents

Answer 26

• congestions increases noise and air pollution
• local people can’t go abt their daily business
• tourists may park in residences driveways causing them to be late for school and work
• increased risk of road traffic accidents
• farmers are delay from delivering their produce fresh
• fewer convient shops
• little condition for those small convient shops so there prices are mega high
• houses price sky rockets
• young people forced out of the area as they cannot compete with those looking to buy a second home
• lack of permanent residences has a impact on local services = loss of jobs

Question 27

solutions of tourists vs residents

Answer 27

• promote tourism out of honey pot areas eg Kendal and Ambleside
• improve public transport to improve traffic flow and reduce noise and air pollution
• restrict planning permission for tourist shops and focus on convenience shops
• restrict number house as 2nd homes and provide other accommodation eg hotel chalets
• ## provide council housing to encourage locals to stay to reduce rural urban depopulation