Global threats

Question 1

Natural disasters

Answer 1

• Disaster – unscheduled event that destroys human lives and property, which eventually impact social stability
• Risk society and Urlich Beck
• Modernity and disasters
• Question of plagues
• Rising food prices
• Preparation for disasters

Question 2

Disaster response

Answer 2

• Globalized response
• Tsunami 2004
• Readily available information
• World-trauma
• World precautions
• Zika, ebola and MERC

Question 3

Global crime

Answer 3

Global crime
•	Crime come from everywhere and goes everywhere
•	Rise of transnational crime
•	Rise of organized crime
•	Internet crimes
•	Cyberwarfare

Question 4

Terrorism

Answer 4

Terrorism is defined by the nature of the act, not by the identity of the perpetrators or the nature of the cause; key elements include:
• Violence of the threat of violence
• Calculated to create fear and alarm
• Intended to coerce certain actions
• Motive must include a political objective
• Generally directed against civilian targets
• Can be a group or an individual
Bruce Hoffman: Terrorism as the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change. …

Question 5

Terrorism

Answer 5

• Terrorism – the wrongful use of violence in order to intimidate civilians or politicians for ideological, religious, or political reasons with no regard for public safety
• Role of intelligence agencies
• Securing the particular interests of states
• Ideology as the driver behind the groups
• Economic gains as the motivator
• Lack of social mobility
• Perceived threats
• Inequality
• Inequality
• Disenfranchised groups
• Iraq as the most attacked state
• Attacks in Europe
• Al-Quaeda as the most active organization
• Near East and South Asia as the least safe regions
• Jews and Romans in Galilee
• Suicide terrorism in Sri Lanka
• Modern terrorism

Question 6

3 layers of terrorism by Crenshaw

Answer 6

• Situational factors: This can be subdivided into 2 parts; (1) conditions that allow the possibility of radicalization and motivate feeling against the “enemy”, and (3) specific triggers (events) for action.
• Strategic aims:
 Long-run; political change, revolution, nationalists fighting an occupying force, minority separatist movements
 Short-run; recognition or attention to advertise their case
 Disrupt and discredit the process of government
 Influence public attitudes; fear or sympathy
 Provoke a counter-reaction to legitimize their grievances
• Individual motivations: This is concerned with psychology and the character traits of terrorists; why do individuals turn to terrorism in the first place? Does a “terrorist personality” or “terrorist predisposition” exist?

Question 7

Local and regional conflicts

Answer 7

• Global conflicts spill-over
• Lack of security
• Military spending
• Relative safety
• Refugees and displaced people
• Radicalization of conflicts
• Conflict alliances

Question 8

Genocide

Answer 8

• Definnication by Lemkin: form of violent social conflict of war, between armed power organizations that aim to destroy civilian social groups and those groups …
The law protects 4 groups – national, ethnical, racial or religious groups
 A national group means a set of individuals whose identity is defined by a common country of nationality or national origin
 …