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Geography > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 3 different views on globalisation called?

A
  • Sceptics
  • Hyperglobalists
  • Transformalists
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1
Q

Define globalisation

A

The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volumes of cross-boarder transactions in goods and services and interactional capital flow as well as through then the rapid and wide spread diffusion of technologies.

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2
Q

What are the Sceptics view on globalisation?

A

The believe that globalisation is overrated and not new. It is only different from the past due to intensity of transactions. It is not truly global as there be leading countries and inter trading (for example between Europe, Asia and the US.
They also believe that government is still key in regulating the economy

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3
Q

What are the Hyperglobalists views on globalisation?

A

They think that it is very real and can be felt everywhere. It is indifferent to national boarders and is creating new global boarders leading to a ‘boarderless world’. Market forces may be more important than governments. Governments not individual and individual country’s economies now part of world trade growth.

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4
Q

What are the Transformationalists views on globalisation?

A

They are in between sceptics and Hyperglobalists. They believe that globalisation is the ford that is currently shaping the major changes to society! they think that it is not just economical but cultural and political as well. The think that globalisation is dynamic and less susceptible to changes.

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5
Q

What are some of the benefits of globalisation?

A
  • benefits associated with free trade
  • allows countries to specialise in the fields it does best
  • increased average income by around $7000
  • increases the total number of goods worldwide and offers a higher variety of goods.
  • global access to new ideas and technologies
  • boots labour productivity growth (USA)
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6
Q

What are the negatives associated with globalisation?

A
  • free trade can chase losses in some industry’s where company’s can’t compete with foreign investors
  • more production over seas can lead to unemployment
  • low demand for low skilled workers
  • income inequality
  • downward pressure on wages to increase profits
  • exploitation of developing country’s workers
  • loss of cultural and ethnic identity
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7
Q

What is the brief history of globalisation?

Why did the current period of globalisation start?

A

The phrase has been used in economics since 1981. The first period of globalisation was in the 19th century (internationalism).
Current period of globalisation restarted due to advance in technologies, trade liberalisation, increased numbers of NIC’s and the deregulation of money.

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8
Q

What is the KOF index used for?

How does it work?

A

The KOF index is used to measure a country’s level of globalisation.
It works by giving the highest global country a score of 100 and all other country’s are worked out using this as a scale. It looks at 3 different factors of globalisation. ECONOMIC(long distance flow of goods and restrictions to capita), POLITICAL (number of embassies and international organisations and the number of UN peace missions), and SOCIAL (personal contact, tourism, phones, media, information flows, cultural proximity and dominate of produces eg mcDonalds.

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9
Q

What is Walisteins model?

A

It is the core and periphery model of the new world. It’s the concept of a developed core surrounded by a developing/undeveloped periphery.

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10
Q

What is the economic core?

A

Consists of the most advanced country’s with hight levels of investment in infrastructure. Population generally enjoys the highest level of living standards.

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11
Q

What is e economic periphery?

A

Country with minimal levels of infrastructure and economic activity. Per capita the income is much lower.

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12
Q

What is a global city or hub?

A

A city that is judged to be of global importance in global economies.

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13
Q

What is colonialism?

A

Foreign power maintains political, social, economic and cultural dominance for and extended period of time.

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14
Q

What is Neocolonialiasm?

A

The continued dependence on more industrialised nations for materials and technical expertise by former colonies.

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15
Q

What is the definition of transport system?

A

The means by which materials, product and people are transferred from one place to another.

16
Q

What is the definition of communication system?

A

The way in which information is transmitted from one place to another to form ideas and images.

17
Q

Define the diffusion of ideas

A

The diffusion of ideas refers to the speed at which an idea is transferred to another area.

18
Q

Explain the time space convergence model

A

Looks at the relationship between space and time. In particular looks at the amount of space that can be covered in a set period of time.
With advance with faster forms of transport (cars/planes) it is now possible to comer much greater distances in a shorter space of time. Creates the idea of he shrinking world.

19
Q

What 3 changes in costs have effected the development of transportation?

A

INFRASTRUCTURE CHARGES- fixed (terminal) costs, how much it cost to physically transport e.g. ports and roads.

FUEL AND WAGES- line hall costs. How much it costs to run the transport

SIZE OF CONTAINERS- how much can be transported. Containerisation means ships can carry more.

20
Q

What is international logistics?

A

It’s how everything is kept under control and maintained.

21
Q

What is friction of distance?

Give and example of friction of distance

A

It is the reduced likelihood of people using a service the greater the distance from in they are.

For example the reduction of supporters of a football team the further the distance from the stadium.

22
Q

What is distance decay?

Give an example of distance decay

A

It is the decay in the reeducation in the amount of movements of interaction s between two places the greater distance they are apart.

For example business people commuting in and out of London.

23
Q

What is the link between distance decay and friction of distance?
And compare friction of distances in a LEDC

A

The effect of distance decay is to eradicate a distance decay in the use of a service.

Because of increasing accessibly it is now easier to get to one place to another. But on LEDC’s the friction of distance is likely to be higher due to reduced accessibility.

24
Q

What are there resend for faster Maritimentransport?

A

SPEED/FLOW - increased speed due to technological advances, the rates (flows) are more direct and due to technology terminal use is more efficient e.g cranes

SIZE/CAPACITY - larger sizes and loads due to containerisation (bulk), changes due to costs, increased flows (size of networks).

COSTS - linked to speed/capacity/flow, more components (terminals, wages, fuels), money’s for he carriers and the routes (fixed line hall costs), closely linked to demand and economic fluctuations.

25
Q

Define the internet

A

The internet is a group of protocols by which computer communicate. It involves millions of servers and cables and was developed in 1970 at the University of California.

26
Q

What are some of the benefit of the internet?

A
  • people become more social alert and have more information available to them (educational)
  • easier to connect to people worldwide and locally
  • freedom of information
  • inhance a a sense of democracy, makes us equal
  • access to knowledge
  • online businesses and internet shopping
27
Q

What are some of the dangers of the internet?

A
  • can easily be abused and cannot be interlay regulated
  • changes in childhood experiences between generations
  • taken over by commercial forces (influences user)
  • takes away from basics skills ( textbooks)
  • potentially damning politically and socially
  • generalisation/ loss of cultures
  • can leave the poor behind in advances
28
Q

What is civil society?

A

Civil society is a theoretical public place between the state, the market and the ordinary household, in which people can debate and take action. It includes things such as charity’s, university’s, UN, religious based groups (amnesty) and non governmental organisations (non-profit)

29
Q

What role had ICT played in charity and charitable donations?

A
  • made transaction of money much easier
  • internet campaigns are able to each further
  • easier to recruite
  • allows individuals to take charge of campaigner
  • hasn’t increased the amount but increased the speed at which donations are made

Geography (2 decks)

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