Glossary-LWC4 Flashcards
(194 cards)
1
Q
afflictive obscurations (kleśāvaraṇa)
A
Obscurations that mainly prevent liberation.
2
Q
pliancy (tranquility, praśrabdhi, passaddhi)
A
A mental factor that enables the mind.
3
Q
introspective awareness (saṃprajanya, sampajañña)
A
An intelligence that causes.
4
Q
stabilizing meditation (sthāpyabhāvanā, T. ’jog sgom)
A
Meditation to focus and stabilize the mind.
5
Q
four truths of the āryas (catvāry āryasatyāni)
A
The truth of duḥkha, its origin, its cessation, and the path.
6
Q
action and intended karma (physical and verbal actions motivated by intention)
A
Karmic seeds; the potencies from previously created actions that will bring their results.
7
Q
god (deva)
A
A being born as a heavenly being in the desire realm or in the form realm.
8
Q
ārya (P. ariya)
A
Someone who has directly and nonconceptually realized the truth.
9
Q
self (ātman)
A
(1) A person; (2) inherent existence.
10
Q
leapover meditative absorption (vyukrāntaka-samāpatti, T. thod rgyal gyi snyoms ’jug)
A
A meditative absorption in which the eight serial absorptions are experienced.
11
Q
nine stages of sustained attention (naākārā cittasthiti, T. sems gnas dgu)
A
Stages of sustained attention in meditation.
12
Q
preparatory stages for a dhyāna (access, preparations, sāmantaka, T. bsam gtan po’i nyer bsdogs)
A
Stages of meditation that prepare the mind to enter the actual dhyāna.
13
Q
liberation (vimokṣa, vimokkha, T. rnam thar)
A
The eight liberations, which are the cessation of suffering.
14
Q
ordinary being (pṛthagjana, T. so so skye bo)
A
Someone who is not an ārya.
15
Q
insight (vipaśyanā, vipassanā, T. lhag mthong)
A
A wisdom of thorough understanding.
16
Q
concentration (samādhi)
A
A mental factor that dwells single-pointedly for a period.
17
Q
death (maraṇabhava)
A
The last moment of a lifetime when the subtlest clear-light consciousness arises.
18
Q
śrāvaka (hearer, P. sāvaka)
A
Someone practicing the Fundamental Vehicle path.
19
Q
superknowledge (abhijñā, abhiññā, T. mngon shes)
A
Direct, experiential knowledge.
20
Q
liberation (vimukti, vimutti, T. rnam grol)
A
Sanskrit tradition: Complete freedom from suffering.
21
Q
five hindrances (āvaraṇa, T. sgrib pa)
A
Hindrances that interfere with attaining meditative absorption.
22
Q
impermanent (anitya, anicca)
A
Momentary; not remaining in the next moment.
23
Q
bardo (antarābhava)
A
The intermediate state between one life and the next.
24
Q
duḥkha (P. dukkha)
A
Unsatisfactory experiences of cyclic existence.
25
three higher knowledges (trividyā, P. tevijjā, T. rig gsum)
The last three types of knowledge attained.
26
learning sign (P. uggaha-nimitta)
A subtler object that replaces the preliminary object in meditation.
27
emptiness (śūnyatā)
The lack of inherent existence, lack of independent existence.
28
afflictions (kleśa)
Mental factors that disturb the tranquility of the mind.
29
nondeceptive (avisaṃvādi)
Incontrovertible, correct.
30
defilement (mala, T. dri ma)
Either an afflictive obscuration or a cognitive obscuration.
31
four seals (caturmudrā)
Four views that make a philosophy Buddhist.
32
cyclic existence (saṃsāra)
The cycle of rebirth that occurs under the control of ignorance.
33
tenets (siddhānta)
A philosophical principle or belief.
34
person (pudgala)
A living being designated in dependence on the four or five aggregates.
35
serenity (śamatha, samatha)
Sanskrit tradition: Concentration arisen from tranquility.
36
grasping inherent existence (svabhāvagraha)
Grasping persons and phenomena to be inherently existent.
37
object of negation (pratiṣedhya)
What is negated or refuted.
38
conceptual appearance (artha-sāmānya, T. don spyi)
A mental image of an object.
39
mental consciousness (mano-vijñāna)
A primary consciousness that knows mental phenomena.
40
fetters (saṃyojana)
Factors that keep us bound to cyclic existence and impede liberation.
41
very obscure phenomena (atyantaparokṣa)
Phenomena that can be known only by advanced realizations.
42
path (mārga, T. lam)
An exalted knower that is conjoined with uncontrived wisdom.
43
probing awareness (reasoning consciousness, yuktijñāna, T. rigs shes)
A thought process that analyzes and understands.
44
thought (kalpanā)
Conceptual consciousness.
45
absolutism (eternalism or permanence, śāśvatānta)
The belief that phenomena are unchanging and eternal.
46
liberation (mokṣa, T. thar pa)
A true cessation that is the abandonment of suffering.
47
nirvāṇa without remainder (anupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa, anupādisesa-nibbāna)
(1) The state of complete liberation.
48
emanation body (nirmāṇakāya)
The buddha body that appears as an ordinary being.
49
path of preparation (prayogamārga, T. sbyor lam)
The second of the five paths.
50
conventional existence (saṃvṛtisat)
Existence as perceived in everyday life.
51
taking and giving (T. gtong len)
A meditation practice for cultivating love and compassion.
52
nonexistent (asat)
That which is not perceivable by mind.
53
truth body (dharmakāya)
The buddha body that includes the nature of truth.
54
eight worldly concerns (aṣṭalokadharma)
Attachment or aversion regarding worldly matters.
55
six perfections (ṣaḍpāramitā)
The practices of generosity, ethical conduct, and others.
56
exalted knower (jñāna, T. mkhyen pa)
A realization of someone who has entered the path.
57
polluted (āsrava, āsava)
Under the influence of ignorance or its latencies.
58
mind-made body (P. manomaya-kāya)
A physical body created with a mind of intention.
59
counterpart sign (P. paṭbhāga-nimitta)
The meditation object of a dhyāna.
60
supernormal powers (ṛddhi, iddhi)
The first of the six superknowledges, gained in meditation.
61
mindstream (cittasaṃtāna)
The continuity of mind.
62
primary consciousness (vijñāna)
A consciousness that apprehends the presence of phenomena.
63
nonaffirming negative (prasajyapratiṣedha, T. med dgag)
The mere absence of the affirmed.
64
dhyāna (P. jhāna)
A meditative absorption of the form realm.
65
twelve links of dependent origination (dvādaśāṅga-pratītyasamutpāda)
A system explaining the process of cyclic existence.
66
nihilism (ucchedānta)
The belief that our actions have no ethical dimension.
67
inferential cognizer (anumāna)
A mind that ascertains its object by means of reasoning.
68
grasping true existence (true-grasping, satyagrāha)
Grasping persons and phenomena to be truly existent.
69
permanent (nitya)
Unchanging, static. It does not mean eternal.
70
enjoyment body (saṃbhogakāya)
The buddha body that appears in the pure lands.
71
actual dhyāna (T. bsam gten gyi dngos gzha)
A more refined dhyānic state.
72
true knowledge (vidyā, vijjā)
Clear and complete knowledge of the four truths.
73
momentary concentration (P. khaṇika-samādhi)
Concentration developed by brief focus.
74
cognitive faculty (indriya)
The subtle material in the gross sense organ that perceives.
75
harmonies with awakening (bodhipākṣya-dharma, bodhipakkhiya-dhamma)
Thirty-seven practices condensed into seven sets that lead to liberation.
76
desire realm (kāmadhātu)
One of the three realms of cyclic existence; the realm of desire.
77
form realm (rūpadhātu)
A realm in saṃsāra in which beings have subtle forms.
78
momentary (kṣaṇika)
Not enduring to the next moment.
79
substantial cause (upādāna-kāraṇa)
The cause that becomes the result, as opposed to a mere condition.
80
nature truth body (svabhāvika dharmakāya)
The buddha body that is the essence of truth.
81
capable preparation (not-unable, anāgamya, T. nyer bsdogs mi lcog med)
A state of readiness that is not hindered.
82
deity (iṣṭadevatā, T. yi dam)
A manifestation of the awakened mind that is worshipped.
83
self-grasping (ātmagrāha)
Grasping inherent existence.
84
sentient being (sattva)
Any being that has a mind and is not a buddha.
85
absorption of cessation (nirodha-samāpatti)
An abstract composite in an ārya’s realization.
86
abstract composites (viprayukta-saṃskāra)
Impermanent phenomena that are not concrete.
87
full awakening (samyaksaṃbodhi)
Buddhahood; the state where all obscurations are removed.
88
collection of merit (puṇyasaṃbhāra)
The accumulation of positive actions and intentions.
89
What is khaṇika-samādhi?
Concentration developed by full awakening (samyaksaṃbodhi), Buddhahood; the state where all obscurations.
90
What are the preparatory stages for a dhyāna?
Stages of meditation that prepare the mind to enter the actual dhyāna.
91
What are the two truths?
Ultimate truths and veiled (conventional) truths.
92
What is puṇyasaṃbhāra?
A bodhisattva’s practice of the method aspect.
93
What is sthāpyabhāvanā?
Meditation to focus and stabilize the mind.
94
What is sambhāramārga?
First of the five paths.
95
What is viṣaya?
The object at which is known by an awareness.
96
What are prīti, sukha, and ekāgratā?
Bliss and one-pointedness of mind.
97
What are the five heinous crimes?
Killing one’s mother, father, or an arhat.
98
What is vipassanā-ñāṇa?
Knowledge of the three characteristics.
99
What does āsrava mean?
Polluted; under the influence of ignorance or its latencies.
100
What is jñāna?
A realization of someone who has entered exalted knowledge.
101
What is the significance of karma?
Karmic seeds; potencies from previously created actions that will bring their results.
102
What is iṣṭadevatā?
A manifestation of the awakened mind.
103
What is upacāra samādhi?
A level of concentration that prepares the mind for deeper meditation.
104
What does anāgamya mean?
Capable preparation; not unable.
105
What is śamatha?
Concentration arisen from serenity.
106
What is jñeya?
That which is suitable to serve as an object of awareness.
107
What is pratītyasamutpāda?
Dependent arising; is of three types: causal.
108
What is jñāna dharmakāya?
The buddha body that is a buddha’s wisdom truth body.
109
What is paramārthasatya?
The ultimate mode of existence of all persons.
110
What is mano-vijñāna?
A primary consciousness that knows mental phenomena.
111
What is manaskāra?
A mind that meditates on its object.
112
What is vyukrāntaka-samāpatti?
A meditative absorption involving the eight serial absorptions.
113
What are the four seals?
Four views that make a philosophy Buddhist.
114
What is jhāna?
A meditative absorption of the form realm.
115
What are the five hindrances?
Hindrances that interfere with attaining concentration.
116
What is satyasat?
Existence having its own mode of being.
117
What is saṃsāra?
The cycle of rebirth that occurs under the control of ignorance.
118
What is cittasaṃtāna?
The continuity of mind.
119
What is the fundamental innate mind of clear light?
The subtlest level of mind.
120
What is anupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa?
Nirvāṇa without remainder.
121
What is manomaya-kāya?
A physical body created with a mind.
122
What is darśanamārga?
Third of the five paths; it begins the path of seeing.
123
What is avidyā?
A mental factor that is obscured and grasps the opposite of reality.
124
What is mala?
Defilement; either an afflictive obscuration or a cognitive obscuration.
125
What is ārūpyadhātu?
The realm in saṃsāra in which sentient beings do not have a physical form.
126
What is ariya?
Someone who has directly and nonconceptually realized the truth.
127
What is samyaksaṃbodhi?
Full awakening; Buddhahood.
128
What is ātmagrāha?
Self-grasping; grasping inherent existence.
129
What is preta?
A being born in one of the unfortunate realms who suffers.
130
What is satkāyadṛṣṭi?
View of a personal identity; grasping an inherently existent I or mine.
131
What is bhāvanāmārga?
The fourth of the five paths; the path of meditation.
132
What is svabhāva?
Inherent existence; existence without depending on any other factors.
133
What is pudgala?
A living being designated in dependence on the aggregates.
134
What is svabhāvagraha?
Grasping persons and phenomena to inherent existence.
135
What are naākārā cittasthiti?
Nine stages of sustained attention.
136
What is saṃbhogakāya?
The buddha body that appears in the pure lands.
137
What is smṛtyupasthāna?
Establishments of mindfulness; one of the seven sets of practices.
138
What is pratyekabuddha?
A person following the Fundamental Vehicle.
139
What is avisaṃvādi?
Nondeceptive; incontrovertible, correct.
140
What is ālambana?
The observed object; the basic object that the mind refers to.
141
What is aśaikṣamārga?
The last of the five paths; the path of no-more-learning.
142
What is mārga?
The path; an exalted knower conjoined with uncontrived awareness.
143
What is jñeyāvaraṇa?
Cognitive obscurations; obscurations that mainly prevent full realization.
144
What is vipassanā?
Insight; a wisdom of thorough understanding.
145
What is ucchedānta?
Nihilism; the belief that our actions have no ethical dimension.
146
What are saṃvṛtisatya?
Veiled truths; objects that appear true to ignorance.
147
What is dukkha?
Unsatisfactory experiences of cyclic existence.
148
What is citta?
Mind; at which is clear and aware; the part of living beings that cognizes.
149
What is asat?
Nonexistent; that which is not perceivable by mind.
150
What is prāṇa?
Wind; one of the four elements; energy in the body.
151
What is vimukti?
Liberation; complete freedom.
152
What are vāsanā?
Latencies; predispositions, imprints, or tendencies.
153
What is sattva?
Sentient being; any being that has a mind and is not a buddha.
154
What is satyagrāha?
Grasping true existence; grasping persons and phenomena to inherent existence.
155
What are prapañca?
Proliferations; mental fabrications ranging from subtle to gross.
156
What are saṃyojana?
Fetters; factors that keep us bound to cyclic existence.
157
What is caitta?
Mental factor; an aspect of mind that accompanies a primary consciousness.
158
What is śūnyatā?
Emptiness; the lack of inherent existence.
159
What is vipaśyanā?
Insight; a wisdom of thorough understanding.
160
What is deva?
A being born as a heavenly being in the desire realm.
161
What is pṛthagjana?
Ordinary being; someone who is not an ārya.
162
What are saṃvṛtisatya?
Conventional truths; that which is true only from the perspective of ignorance.
163
What is vimokṣa?
Liberation; the abandonment of all afflictions.
164
What is maraṇabhava?
Death; the last moment of a lifetime.
165
What is gang zag rang rkya thub pa’i rdzas yod?
Self-sufficient substantially existent person; a self that can be identified independent of the aggregates.
166
What are bodhipākṣya-dharma?
Harmonies with awakening; practices leading to liberation.
167
What is anitya?
Impermanent; momentary; not remaining in the next moment.
168
What are apāya?
Unfortunate realms; states of rebirth as a hell being or hungry ghost.
169
What is sat?
Existent; that which is perceivable by mind.
170
What is parikkamma-nimitta?
Preliminary sign; the initial conceptual appearance of a meditation object.
171
What is nirodha-samāpatti?
Absorption of cessation; an abstract composite in an ārya’s realization.
172
What is nāraka?
Hell being; a being born in an unfortunate realm of intense physical pain.
173
What is anāsrava?
Unpolluted; not under the influence of ignorance.
174
What is samādhi?
Concentration; a mental factor that dwells single-pointedly for a period.
175
What is lokottara?
Supramundane; pertaining to the transcendent.
176
What is ālambana?
Observed object; the basic object that the mind refers to.
177
What is vimukti?
Liberation; a true cessation that is the abandonment of all afflictions.
178
What is smṛti?
Mindfulness; awareness of the present moment.
179
What is a preliminary sign in Buddhism?
The initial conceptual appearance of a supramundane object.
## Footnote
P. parikkamma-nimitta
180
What does 'supramundane' refer to?
Pertaining to the transcendental or lokottara.
## Footnote
P. lokuttara
181
What is the observed object in Buddhist terms?
The basic object that the mind refers to.
## Footnote
ālambana, T. dmigs pa
182
What is liberation in Buddhism?
A true cessation that is the abandonment of suffering.
## Footnote
mokṣa, T. thar pa
183
What is mindfulness?
A mental factor that brings to mind a phenomenon of nature.
## Footnote
smṛti, sati
184
What is the truth body in Buddhism?
The buddha body that is inherent in all phenomena.
## Footnote
svabhāvika dharmakāya
185
What are the three realms?
Desire, form, and formless realms.
## Footnote
tridhātuka, tedhātuka
186
What is a substantial cause?
The cause that becomes the result, as opposed to a mere condition.
## Footnote
upādāna-kāraṇa
187
What is conventional existence?
Existence as perceived in everyday life.
## Footnote
saṃvṛtisat
188
What is a hell being?
A being born in an unfortunate realm of intense physical pain.
## Footnote
nāraka
189
What is a mental factor?
An aspect of mind that accompanies a primary consciousness.
## Footnote
caitta
190
What is a self-sufficient substantially existent person?
A self that can be identified independent of the aggregates.
## Footnote
T. gang zag rang rkya thub pa’i rdzas yod
191
What is a collection of merit?
A bodhisattva’s practice of the method aspect.
## Footnote
puṇyasaṃbhāra
192
What is the path of no-more-learning?
The last of the five paths in Buddhist practice.
## Footnote
aśaikṣamārga, T. mi slob lam
193
What is the formless realm?
The realm in saṃsāra in which sentient beings do not have physical form.
## Footnote
ārūpyadhātu
194
What is probing awareness?
Reasoning consciousness that analyzes and understands.
## Footnote
yuktijñāna, T. rigs shes
