Glossary of symbols

Question 1

α

Answer 1

Significance level, such as .05 or .01; probability of a Type I error.

Question 2

β

Answer 2

Standardized regression coefficient.

Question 3

Σ

Answer 3

Sum of; add up all the scores following.

Question 4

φ

Answer 4

Phi coefficient; effect size in a chi-square test for independence with a 2 x 2 contingency table.

Question 5

φc

Answer 5

Cramer’s phi, effect size in chi-square test for independence with a contingency table larger than 2 x 2.

Question 6

χ2

Answer 6

Chi-square statistic.

Question 7

df

Answer 7

Degrees of freedom.

Question 8

df1, df2, and so on

Answer 8

Degrees of freedom for the first group, second

group, and so on.

Question 9

dfBetween

Answer 9

Between-groups (numerator) degrees of freedom in analysis of variance.

Question 10

dfSmaller

Answer 10

Degrees of freedom for the nominal variable (the row or column in the contingency table) with the smaller number of categories in a chi-square test for independence.

Question 11

dfTotal

Answer 11

Total degrees of freedom over all groups.

Question 12

dfWithin

Answer 12

Within-groups (denominator) degrees of freedom in analysis of variance.

Question 13

F ratio

Answer 13

In an analysis of variance, ratio of the between-groups population variance estimate to the within-groups population variance estimate.

Question 14

GM

Answer 14

Grand mean; mean of all scores in the analysis of variance.

Question 15

M

Answer 15

Mean.

Question 16

M1, M2, and so on.

Answer 16

Mean of the first group, second group, and so

on.

Question 17

n

Answer 17

Number of scores within each group in analysis of variance.

Question 18

N

Answer 18

Total number of scores.

Question 19

N1, N2, and so on.

Answer 19

Number of scores in the first group, second

group, and so on.

Question 20

NCategories

Answer 20

Number of categories in a chi-square test for goodness

of fit.

Question 21

NColumns

Answer 21

Number of columns in a contingency table.

Question 22

NGroups

Answer 22

Number of groups in an analysis of variance.

Question 23

NRows

Answer 23

Number of rows in a contingency table.

Question 24

p

Answer 24

Probability.

Question 25

r

Answer 25

Correlation coefficient.

Question 26

r2, R2

Answer 26

Proportion of variance accounted for.

Question 27

R

Answer 27

Multiple correlation coefficient

Question 28

S

Answer 28

Unbiased estimate of the population standard deviation.

Question 29

S2

Answer 29

Unbiased estimate of the population variance.

Question 30

wont cut and paste

Answer 30

Unbiased estimate of the population variance

based on scores in the first sample, second sample, and so on.

Question 31

won’t cut and paste

Answer 31

Between-groups estimate of the population variance.