Glycolysis and Link Reaction Flashcards
What is ATP?
nucleotide consisting of an organic
base, adenine, a five carbon sugar (ribose) and a sequence of three phosphate groups
why is ATP often called the universal energy?
it provides a common source of energy for many different
chemical reactions.
How do organisms produce ATP?
the gradual release of
energy in small steps
How is ADP converted to ATP?
by the addition of a
phosphate molecule
What is Phosphorylation?
Adding an inorganic phosphate (P) to ADP to create ATP
When does SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION occur?
What are examples of it?
when phosphate groups are
transferred from donor molecules to ADP to make ATP
Glycolysis
when does OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION occur?
Where does it occur?
during aerobic respiration and involves the process of the electron transport chain
on the membrane of the mitochondria
What are the advantages of ATP?
✓Only one enzyme is needed to release energy from ATP (ATPase) Glucose needs more
✓ATP releases energy in small amounts when and where needed, whereas glucose contains large amounts we don’t need straight away
✓ATP is a common source of energy for a multitude of chemical reactions, increasing the efficiency of the cells in the body. (International
energy currency)
What is ATP used for?
1-Metabolic Processes
2-Active Transport
3-For muscle contraction
4-Nerve Transmission requires ATP
5-Synthesis of materials within Cells
6-Secretion
What are the 4 main stages of respiration?
1.Glycolysis
2.The Link Reaction
3.The Krebs Cycle
4.The Electron Transport Chain
1-What is glycolysis?
2-where does it take place?
3-Number of ATP used (per glucose)
4-Number of ATP produced (pg)
5-Net Total ATP (pg)
6-Number of reduced NAD produced (pg)
7-Number of reduced FAD produced (pg)
8-Other products made (pg)
1-Breaking down a glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
2-cytoplasm
3-2
4-4
5-2
6-2
7-0
8-2 molecules of
pyruvic acid
1 What is the link reaction?
2-Where does it take place?
3-Number of ATP used (per glucose)
4-Number of ATP produced (pg)
5-Net Total ATP (pg) 2 0
6-Number of reduced NAD produced (pg)
7-Number of reduced FAD produced (pg)
8-Other products made (pg)
1-converts pyruvate into a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA),
2-mitochondrion matrix
3-0
4-0
5-0
6-2
7-0
8-2 x Carbon Dioxide
2 x Acetyl coA
what does decarboxylation mean?
reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide
what does dehydrogenation mean?
a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen
What reduction with respect to hydrogen transfer?
the gain of hydrogen
