GP - epidemiology and immunisation Flashcards
What is the prevention paradox?
the prevention brings benefit to the population, but little to each partcipating individual
Describe the 3 levels of prevention and their differences
Primary - no disease, decrease exposure to risk factors
Secondary - early detection
Tertiary - measures at recovery, disability or death stage
What level is needed for herd immunity?
80% population had vaccine
What diseases are covered in the combine vaccine and when are they given?
8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks
diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, Hep B
3 years 4 months - dipetheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio
14 years - diptheria, tetanus, polio
Name 3 types of epidemiological studies
cohort, RCT, case control, case report, meta-analysis, cross-section, ecological, systemic review, migration
What is the formula for NNT?
1/absolute risk reduction
What is the difference between incidence and prevelance?
Incidence = new cases in amount of time Prevalance = existing cases at a point in time
Whatare the 4 statistical analysis of screening?
sensitivity
specificity
positive predictive value
negative predictive value
What is the vaccination schedule for the first year of life?
8 weeks - combined, pneumococcal, men B, rotavirus
12 weeks - combined, rotavirus
16 weeks - combined, pneumococcal, men B, C
1 year - MMR, pneumococcal, Men B
When is MMR vaccine given?
1 year, 3 years and 4 months
What are some factors that mean a child is more likely to be unimmunised?
Living with other children, have a lone parent, mother <20 or >34, motherly more highly educated, mother not employed, mother was self-employed
Name 5 notifiable diseases
meningitis, anthrax, cholera, diptheria, food poisoning, legionnaires disease, leprosy, malaria, measles, mumps, rabies, rubella, SARS, scarlet fever, smallpox, tetanus, TB, whooping cough, yellow fever
How do you report notifiable diseases?
verbally notify in 24 hours or send letter within 3 days to local council or local health protection team - it has to be passed to PHE within 24hours - 3 days
- do not need conformation of diagnosis
What ar some amber risk symptoms in children?
Reported pallor Not responding to social cues, decreased activity tachyponea, crackles on chest tachycardia, CRT>3 seconds temperature, rigors
What are some red risk symptoms in children?
Pale no response , weak cry grunting, chest recession reduced skin turgor non-blanching rash, bulging fontanelle, neck stiffness , focal neuro signs
