Grade 12 Definitions Flashcards
ORGANIC MOLECULE
Molecules containing carbon atoms.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Is the study of carbon compounds in living and non-living systems.
HYDROCARBONS
Organic compounds which consists of carbon and hydrogen only.
MOLECULAR FORMULA
A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule, e.g., C2H402.
STRUCTURAL FORMULA:
A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule.
CONDENSED (packed) STRUCTURAL FORMULA
The notation shows] the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines. E.g., CH COOH
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula OR in which one member differ from the next with a CH2-group.
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
SATURATED COMPOUNDS
Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C-atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C-atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
STRUCTURAL ISOMER
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.
CHAIN ISOMERS
Same molecular formula, but different types of chains.
POSITIONAL ISOMERS
Same molecular formula; but different positions of the side chain, substituents, or functional group on the parent chain.
FUNCTIONAL ISOMERS
Same molecular formula, but different functional groups.
MELTING POINT
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium.
