Gram + Bacilli

Question 1

Bacillus Anthracis and Cereus

Answer 1

-Black Escar, CAP (made of protein) = Poly D
-Gram + Rods/Chains
-Obligate Aerobe
-Spore Forming
-Toxins: EF and LF (both present)
(EF increase CAMP, LF cleaves MAP kinase = tissue necrosis)
-Pulmonary anthrax from sheep’s wool = pulmonary hemorrhage (wide mediastinum, dry cough)

TX: Fluroquinolones or Doxycycline

Cerus: Food Poisoning after reheating rice

Question 2

Clostridium Tentani

Answer 2

-Gram + / Obligate Anaerobe
-Spore forming (nails/soil)
-Neuromuscular SX (Risus Sardonicus, Lock Jaw, Opisthotonus (arch back)
-Retrograde transport of toxin, cleave SNARE (gaba/gly) in Renshaw cells

VAC: toxoid

Question 3

Clostridium Botulinum

Answer 3

-Gram + / Spore Former

-Adult: canned food, preformed tox
-Baby: honey, formed tox

-Neuro SX: Flacid Paralysis (descending), Floppy Baby Syndrome

-Tox: cleave SNARE in motor neuron (ACh)

Question 4

Clostridium Difficile

Answer 4

-Gram + / Spore Former / OB ANAEROBE
-CAUSE: clindamycin / poor hand wash

Exotoxins
-A = brush border enz = diarrhea
-B = depoly. actin fila = pseudomembrane

DIAG: assay to detect toxin in stool

TX: ORAL Vanco or Metronidazole

Question 5

Clostridium Perfringens

Answer 5

-Motorcycle acc, military combat
-Spore former, soil, OB ANEROBE
-Tissue: Gas Gangrene (alpha toxin = lecthinase = lyse RBC)
-Double zone of hemolysis in agar

TX: IV Penicillin G

Food poisoning (diarrhea = slow onset = transient (no tx needed))

Question 6

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Answer 6

-Gram Pos, Club Shape, V/Y, Metachromatic granules
-Exotoxin: inhibit EF2 via ribosylation
-Bull’s neck, Myocarditis/ARR/Heart block/paralysis

DIA: Tellurite and Loeffler agar, Elek’s Test

VAC: toxoid, IgG response

TX: Passive admin. of vaccine (antitoxoid)

Question 7

Listeria Monocytogenes

Answer 7

-Beta Hemolytic, CAT POS, Gram +
-Tumbling extra motility, intra: actin rockets
-Cold environment (milk/cheese)
-Pregnant women (to baby = meningitis)
-Elderly also

TX: AMPICILLIN

Question 8

-Bacillus Anthracis and Cereus =
-Clostridium Tentani =
-Clostridium Botulinum =
-Clostridium Difficile =
-Clostridium Perfringens =
-Corynebacterium Diphtheriae =
-Listeria monocytogenes =

Answer 8

= Vikings
= GG Lab Monkeys
= Robots
= Chocolate Factory
= Military Guy Accident
= Corazon Bull Fight
= Santa’s List