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Microbiology > Gram positive and negative cocci > Flashcards

Gram positive and negative cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes character

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, group A beta-haemolytic strep, not normal flora

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2
Q

S. pyogenes virulence factors

A

SPE A & C causes scarlet fever

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3
Q

S. pyogenes presentations

A

Pharyngitis (common in children), Skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis), Scarle fever, Acute rheumatic fever, Acute glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

S. pyogenes treatment

A

Penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin (necrotising fasciitis)

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5
Q

S. agalactiae character

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, Group B beta-haemolytic strep, normal flora of gut and vagina

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6
Q

S. agalactiae presentations

A

Neonatal sepsis leading to pneumoniae and meningitis, postpartum infection

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7
Q

S. agalactiae treatment

A

Prophylactic penicillin, penicillin, + gentamicin

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8
Q

S. bovis character

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, Group D b-haemolytic strep

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9
Q

S. bovis presentation

A

Endocarditis

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10
Q

S. bovis treatment

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

Enterococcus character

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, Group D strep, normal bowel flora

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12
Q

Enterococcus presentation

A

Nosocomial infections, UTI, intra-abdominal, endocarditis

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13
Q

Enterococcus treatment

A

Ampicillin, Vancomycin (for non VRE), gentamicin supplementary in endocarditis, VRE: linezolid, UTI; Amoxicillin

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14
Q

S. dysgalactiae character

A

Group C and Group G b-haemolytic strep

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15
Q

S. dysgalactiae presentation

A

Group C: acute glomerulonephritis, Group G: scarlet fever

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16
Q

S. pneumoniae character

A

Gram positive diplococci, alpha haemolytic, not normal flora, optochin sensitive

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17
Q

S. pneumoniae diagnosis

A

Culture on blood agar, draughtsman colonies; sputum or CSF sample for pneumonia and meningitis

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18
Q

S. pneumoniae presentation

A

Pneumoniae (very common), meningitis (high mortality), URTI, endocarditis, septicaaemia

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19
Q

S. pneumoniae treatment

A

Amoxicillin, Benzylpenicillin; Ceftriaxone + vancomycin for meningitis

20
Q

S. pneumoniae prevention

A

Vaccine in NCIS: conjugate vaccines (capsule material and protein carrier)

21
Q

Viridans strep character

A

Alpha haemolytic gram positive cocci in chains, optochin resistant, normal flora of mouth

22
Q

Viridans strep presentation

A

Dental caries, mucosa associated infections

23
Q

S. aureus character

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters, golden yellow colonies on blood agar, coagulase positive, not normal flora

24
Q

S. aureus presentations

A

Skin infections (follicle, carbuncle, furuncle, impetigo, cellulitis, surgical wound infection), Deep infections (osteomyelitis), endocarditis, pneumonia after viral flu

25
Q

S. aureus diagnosis

A

Suppurative wound, culture

26
Q

S. aureus treatment

A

Drainage of pus, cloxacillin (no MRSA coverage), erythromycin/clindamycin, co-amoxiclav (beta lactamase producing strains), vancomycin (MRSA)

27
Q

S. lugdunensis character

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters, coagulase negative

28
Q

S. lugdunensis presentation

A

Localised infections, deep infections, nosocomial

29
Q

S. lugdunensis treatment

A

Vancomycin

30
Q

S. saprophyticus character

A

Normal vaginal flora

31
Q

S. saprophyticus presentation

A

UTI (2nd most common after E.coli)

32
Q

S. saprophyticus treatment

A

Co-trimoxazole

33
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis character

A

Gram negative cocci, oxidase positive, upper respi tract normal flora

34
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis presentation

A

Pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals

35
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis treatment

A

Co-amoxiclav

36
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae character

A

Gram negative INTRACELLULAR diplococci

37
Q

N. gonorrhoeae presentations

A

STI, in males acute urethritis, in females acute salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome; in both gender: bacteremia, periorbital cellulitis. in neonate: ophthalmia neonatorum

38
Q

N. gonorrhoeae diagnosis

A

Samples from urethra, throat, rectum. Culture in chocolate agar with charcoal transport medium, Antigen detection

39
Q

N. gonorrhoeae treatment

A

Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, check for other STD

40
Q

N. meningitidis character

A

Gram negative INTRACELLULAR diplococci

41
Q

N. meningitidis virulence factors

A

Anti-phagocytic capsule, lipooligosaccharide

42
Q

N. meningitidis presentation

A

Meningitis, meningococcaemia (non blanching rash, waterhouse-friederichsen syndrome)

Common in hajj pilgrimage, meningitis belt in africa, hyposplenism (no protection against encapsulated bacteria)

43
Q

N. meningitidis diagnosis

A

CSF gram stain, blood cultures

44
Q

N. meningitidis treatment

A

Benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone (clears throat carriage)

45
Q

N. meningitidis prevention

A

Prophylactic ceftriaxone, quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccines, tetravalent conjugate vaccines (infant)

Indication: travel, splenectomy, contact prophylaxis

Microbiology (2 decks)

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