Grammar

Question 0

Phonology

Answer 0

smallest units of sound combined to form words, phrases and sentences.

Question 1

Lexicon

Answer 1

The Mental Dictionary

Question 2

Morphology

Answer 2

smallest units of meaning combined to form words

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

way words are combined to form sentences

Question 4

Pragmatics

Answer 4

meaning determined by context of use

Question 5

open word class

Answer 5

verbs, nouns, adjectives

Question 6

closed word classes

Answer 6

preposition, determiners

Question 7

lexical categories

Answer 7

provide content, bricks

open classes

Question 8

Functional categories

Answer 8

no meaning- glue

closed classes

Question 9

lexical categories are:

Answer 9

noun, verb, adjective, adverb

Question 10

Functional Categories are:

Answer 10

determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, complementiser, auxiliary verb

Question 11

Nouns

Answer 11

semantic meaning- person, place, object, abstract
syntactic distribution- combines with determiner
morphological- can take a plural ending

Question 12

identifying Nouns Semantic meaning

Answer 12

person, place, thing

Question 13

identifying Nouns- Syntactic Distribution

Answer 13

can occupy Subject and Object positions

preceded by determiners, numerals, adjectives, nouns, adverbs and prepositions.

Question 14

A noun can be substituted by

Answer 14

a pronoun

Question 15

a noun can answer

Answer 15

Who/what

Question 16

identifying nouns- morphological distribution

derivational suffixes:

Answer 16

affix attaches to forms example
anti N N antibiotic
ex- N N ex-president
-er V N teacher
ing V N dancing
-al V N disposal

Question 17

derivational suffixes cont.

Answer 17

Affix attaches to forms example

• ment V N treatment
• ty Adj N stupidity
• ness Adj N happiness

also -ion, -ive, -ic, -less, -ous, -en, -ly, re-, un-, mis-, de-, dis-

Question 18

identifying Nouns Morphological Distribution

Inflectional suffixes:

Answer 18

plural s inflection- regular count nouns dog/dogs
count/mass exceptions cake/cakes
irregular count nouns: mouth/mice, tooth/teeth
mass nouns- cannot be modified by numerals- two furnitures

Question 19

Nouns Summary

Answer 19

preceded- determiner, adjective, preposition
subject/object positions in a sentence
Who and What questions
substituted by pronoun
derived by addition of affixes
adds plural inflection-s (regular/count nouns)

Question 20

Identifying Adjectives- semantic meaning

Answer 20

modifies a noun/ describes a quality

size, age, colour, character, material/personal, nationality

Question 21

Identifying Adjectives- syntactic distribution

Answer 21

next to nouns- small children
between determiners and nouns- the tall man
after a copula verb- he is tall

can be modified by intensifiers- very, quite, rather, somewhat.

Question 22

identifying adjectives- morphological distribution

Answer 22

derivational suffixes- -able, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive, -less, -ly, -some, -y

inflectional suffixes- comparative -er
superlative -est
negated by un-

Question 23

Adjectives- attributive vs predicative

Answer 23

attributive- between a determiner and a noun

predictive- after copula verbs is tall, are young, grow old

most adjectives can be either attributive or predicative