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Writer's Craft > Grammar & Diction > Flashcards

Grammar & Diction Flashcards

0
Q

How do you create a possessive noun?

A

By adding “‘s”

Ex. Joe’s book

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1
Q

What different purposes do nouns have?

A

It can function as a subject, object, direct object, subject complement, object complement, appositive, adjective, and adverb

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2
Q

What is a concrete noun?

A

A concrete noun names anything (or anyone) that you can perceive through your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell.

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3
Q

What is an abstract noun?

A

Ab abstract noun names anything which you cannot perceive through your 5 senses.

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4
Q

What is the difference between a countable noun and a non-countable noun?

A

A countable noun can be counted, meaning they have singular and plural forms. We ask, “How many?”

A non-countable noun cannot be counted. They have no plural forms. We ask, “How much?”

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5
Q

What is an action verb?

A

An action verb expresses action, and it can be either transitive or intransitive.

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6
Q

What is a transitive verb?

A

A transitive verb has a noun that received the action of the verb (direct object).
Ex. She held the pen.

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7
Q

What is an intransitive verb?

A

An intransitive verb is followed by an adverb or an adverbial phrase, never by an object.
Ex. George sits by the fire.

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8
Q

What is a linking verb?

A

It connects the subject of the sentence to a noun or adjective that renames or describes it (this noun or adjective is called a subject complement)
“To be” is the most common linking verb.

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9
Q

What is a helping verb?

A

It is used before other verbs to convey additional information regarding aspects of possibility (can, could) or time (was, did, has).
The helping verb and the main verb together are called a verb phrase.

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10
Q

What is an adjective?

A

An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words.
Articles (a, an, the) can also be considered adjectives (describes which one or any).

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11
Q

What is a possessive adjective?

A

My, your, his, her, it’s, out, their

Possessive adjectives do not use apostrophes.

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12
Q

What is a demonstrative adjective?

A

This, these, that, those

Be careful! Demonstrative adjectives are identical to demonstrative pronouns except in their function

Ex. That desk, this pen

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13
Q

What is an interrogative adjective?

A

Which, what

Be careful… Identical to interrogative pronouns except in function

Ex. What girl, which pencil

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14
Q

What is an indefinite adjective?

A

Many, any, some, etc.

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15
Q

What is an adverb?

A

It can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause.
It indicated manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as, how? When? Where? And how much?

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16
Q

What is a conjunctive adverb?

A

It joins 2 clauses together.

Ex. Consequently, finally, also, however

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17
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

It is used to replace nouns or other pronouns. It makes sentences less cumbersome and repetitive.

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18
Q

What is a personal pronoun?

A

Subjective case, he, she
Objective case, then, him, her
Possessive case, her, his, hers

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19
Q

What is a demonstrative pronoun?

A

It points to and identified a noun or pronoun

Ex. This, that, these, those

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20
Q

What is an interrogative pronoun?

A

It is used to ask questions.

Ex. Who, whom, which, what, whoever

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21
Q

What is a relative pronoun?

A

It links one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.

There are the same words as interrogative but are used to link, not to question

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22
Q

What is an indefinite pronoun?

A

It refers to an identifiable but not specified person or thing. It conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.
Ex. another, anything, each, everyone, few, many, nobody, several, etc.

23
Q

What is a reflexive pronoun?

A

It is used to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence

Ex. Myself, yourself, herself, etc.

24
Q

What is a conjunction?

A

It is a word used to link words, phrases, and clauses

25
Q

What is a coordinating conjunction?

A

It joins individual words and phrases or independent clauses (creating compound sentences)

FANBOYS

26
Q

What are the FANBOYS?

A 
For
And
Nor 
But
Or
Yet
So
27
Q

What is a subordinating conjunction?

A

It introduces a dependent clause

Ex. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.

28
Q

What is a correlative conjunction?

A

They always appear in pairs and are used to link equivalent sentence elements
“Both….and”
“Either…or”
“Not only…but also”

29
Q

What is a preposition?

A

It links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in the sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduced is called the object of the preposition. It usually indicated the temporal, spatial, or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence

30
Q

What is an interjection?

A

A word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not grammatically related in any way to the sentence.

Ex. Wow!

31
Q

What are the big four?

A

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb

32
Q

What are the little four?

A

Pronouns
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Interjections

33
Q

What are the two parts of a complete sentence?

A

Subject and predicate

34
Q

What is a subject?

A

What or whom the sentence is about

35
Q

What is a simple subject?

A

One noun or pronoun

36
Q

What is a compound subject?

A

Multiple nouns or pronouns of equal importance

Ex. Tommy and Dave

37
Q

What is a predicate?

A

It tells something about the subject and always includes the verb.

38
Q

What is a compound predicate?

A

It includes more than one verb pertaining to the same subject

Ex. She walked through the garden and admired the flowers.

39
Q

What is an imperative sentence?

A

The subject, which is always “you”, is understood rather than expressed.

Ex. Sit down now!

40
Q

What is an object?

A

A noun or pronoun that follows a transitive verb and completes the verb’s meaning.

41
Q

What is a direct object?

A

It answers the question what? or whom? did the action happen to.

Ex. He drove a flashy red Porsche.

42
Q

What is an indirect object?

A

It is the recipient of the direct object. Isolate the verb and ask “to whom?”, “to what?”, or “for what?” The answer is the indirect object.

Ex. Her secret admirer gave her a bouquet of flowers.

43
Q

What is a subject complement?

A

A word or phrase following a linking verb. It is often a descriptive word or phrase about the subject.

Ex. Your homemade chilli smells delicious.

44
Q

What is an object complement?

A

It modifies an object.

Ex. The judge ruled her out of order.

45
Q

What is a simple sentence?

A

It can have single or compound subjects and predicates. It has only one independent clause and no dependent clauses. Can contain one or more phrases.

46
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

It contains two independent clauses.

47
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

It contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

48
Q

What is denotation?

A

It is the universal and accepted meaning of a word: the dictionary definition.

49
Q

What is connotation?

A

The implied meaning. Often emotional in nature.

Ex. Homeless vs. vagrant

50
Q

What is a euphemism?

A

A pleasant sounding expression substituted for an unpleasant or offensive expression on sensitive topics. Used to soften the impact.

Ex. Passed away
Letting you go

51
Q

What is a dysphemism?

A

A negative sounding word applied to something not so bad (opposite of euphemism).

Ex. Wasted
Knocked up

52
Q

What is an idiom?

A

A commonly used phrase that makes no literal sense, but instead has a well known figurative meaning.

Ex. Under the weather
Raining cats and dogs

53
Q

What are the three levels of language?

A

Formal, informal, non-standard

54
Q

What is a malapropism?

A

A commonly misused word

Ex. to/too/two

55
Q

What is circumlocution?

A

Overwrought diction or unnecessarily complex words. The use of an excessive number of words to express an idea.

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