Grammar - Test 1

Question 1

的 vs. 地 vs. 得

Answer 1

Adj + 的 + N：ownership

Adj + 地 + V：must do something

V + 得 + model complement：indicator of a complement

Question 2

得 structure

Answer 2

V + 得 + model complement：indicator of a complement

我们着急得吃不下饭，睡不好觉。
We were so anxious that we couldn’t eat or sleep well.

我忙得没有时间吃饭。
I’m so busy that I don’t have time to eat.

我累得不想吃饭。
I’m too tired to eat.

Question 3

Numbers +10,000 basic numerical units:
MW = 个

十

百

千

万

亿

Answer 3

MW = 个(one) - ge

十(ten) - shi

百 hundred) - bai

千(thousand) - qian

万(+ ten thousand) - wan

亿 (+ one hundred million) - yi

Question 4

Approximate numbers: 几

Answer 4

Several: 几 + MW + N
他有几个中国朋友。
He has several Chinese friends.

几 + {十/百/千/万} + M + N
我们认识几百个汉字。
We know hundreds of Chinese characters.

十(二十/三十) +几 (over …) + M + N
来美国以前，我在中国住了三十几年。
Before coming to the United States, I lived in China for more than thirty years.

Question 5

necessary condition (as long as)

Answer 5

只要 + condition, 就。。。(result)

只要每天练习，就能学好汉语。
As long as you practice every day, you can learn Chinese well.

Question 6

describe the size, area, weight, height, and age in numbers.

Answer 6

有+ Num-MP /A

The Adj. at the end generally denotes a quality, such as “大，高，长，远，重”.

Question form “有+ 多+ Adj.?”

中国大不大?有多大?
中国的国土面积有九百六十万平方公里。
Is China big? How big is it?
China’s land area is 9.6 million square kilometers.

Question 7

多 to indicate an approximate number

Answer 7

LESS THAN 10: Num + M + 多 (+ N)
我每天睡五个多小时的觉。
I sleep more than five hours a day. (5-6)

MORE THAN 10: {十/百/千/万+多} + M + N/A
我一个星期得看十多本书。
I have to read more than ten books a week. (10-20)

HALF: # + MW + 半
今天我学了一个半小时中文。
I studied Chinese for an hour and a half today.

Question 8

Include:

Answer 8

Include: ……，包括……，……

中国的人口，包括香港、台湾、澳门，一共有十三亿多。
China’s population, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau, totals more than 1.3 billion.

Question 9

Call someone/something something else:

Answer 9

Call someone/something something else: 叫 + O1 + O2:

黄河是中华民族的摇篮，所以中国人叫她“母亲河”。
The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation, so the Chinese call it the “Mother River.”

Question 10

刚才 vs. 刚:

Answer 10

A: 刚才: can be used as the subject in the sentence
- usually refers to a time between ½ hour and 现在 now.
- Emphasizes what happened

刚才有人给你打电话了。
Someone just called you.

B: 刚: can be used to express a short time (10 minutes ago) & things that happened many years ago.
- Emphasizes the time point (for something that just happened).

我刚开始学中文的时候。
When I first started learning Chinese.
我刚来。
I just came.

Question 11

Pivotal sentences:

Answer 11

S + 有 + O1 (S2) + V2 O2

有学生问问题。
Some students ask questions.

有人找你。
Someone looking for you.

Question 12

to say the least OR at least

Answer 12

少说

少说也有五六千学生。
There are at least five to six thousand students.

Question 13

A little:

Answer 13

……+ Adj + 了 + 点儿

我的身体差了点儿
My health is a little worse

Question 14

Comparison: A looks like B

Answer 14

Comparison: S + 像 + NP + 一样

今天天气很好，一点也不冷，像春天一样。
The weather is nice today, not cold at all, like spring.

Question 15

Formal way of asking for your name: 称呼

Answer 15

Formal way of asking for your name: 称呼

A: 您怎么称呼?
B:我叫……。
A: What’s your name?
B:My name is….

Question 16

Almost

Answer 16

差不多:
A 跟/和 B 差不多:
我的电脑跟你的电脑差不多.
My computer is similar to yours.

差不多 adv. Is often placed before a verb or an adj. , meaning “almost, nearly”.
昨天我差不多学了两个小时中文。
I studied Chinese for almost two hours yesterday.

Question 17

A cannot be considered as B

Answer 17

不算太 Adj. that cannot be considered ….
最近你很忙吧? B:不算太忙。
Are you very busy recently? B: Cannot be considered too busy.

算(是)…… that can be considered ….
我这次考试算是考得很好了。
It can be considered that I did very well in this exam.

Question 18

A depends on B

Answer 18

A depends on B: A + (得）看 + B

那也得看公司和个人的情况.
That should also depend on the company’s and individual’s situations.

Question 19

And so on:

Answer 19

And so on: …, …, …什么的

昨天我去商场买东西。我买了水果，蔬菜，饮料什么的。
Yesterday I went to the mall to buy something. I bought fruits, vegetables, drinks and so on.

Question 20

Enough

Answer 20

够+ V
每个月十几块钱够花吗?
Is a dozen yuan not enough?

够+ adj
每天学一个小时汉语，够长吗?
Is it long enough to study Chinese for one hour every day?

Question 21

Adjacent numbers:

Answer 21

Adjacent numbers: #1#2 + MW

2-4: 两三个 or 三四个
200-300: 二三百个

Question 22

Adverbs: 就 & 还：

Answer 22

Adverbs: 就 & 还：
就：
To stress a fact: 我就买这件
To stress that something happens early/quickly: 我马上就回来
Show 2 actions happened in sequence: 今天的课文我不太懂，就去问老
To show that one thing happened right after another: 我下了课就去买花儿
To indicate that something is going to happen soon: 就要下雨了

还：
To show that an action is still going on: 你明年还想学中文吗？
To include additional remarks: 大家还有问题吗？
To mean “barely”: 这个电脑还行
Indicate a higher degree: 他比哥哥还高
To show that something is unexpected: 他还画过油画呢！

Question 23

把 sentence:

Answer 23

S + 把 + O1 + V + (在，到，给，成) + O2

S + 把 + O + V + complement：emphasize the result of an action
Simple directional complement: S + 把 + O + V + 在 + location + 来/去 (+了)
Location: S + 把 + O + V + RC(在/到)
Reduplication of verb: S + 把 + O + VV
Negative adverbs or optative verbs BEFORE 把：S + aux V + 把 + O + V + complement