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Chemistry > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius in group 2?

A

Increases
• due to the number of delocalised electrons(2)
• charge
• more shielding
• weaker attraction between nucleus and electron

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2
Q

What is the trend in 1st ionisation energy?

A

Decreases
• due to number of electrons
• charge
• more shielding
• weaker attraction to nucleus and outer electrons

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3
Q

What is the the trend in melting point in group 2?

A

Decreases
• size of ion increases
• weaker electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons

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4
Q

What happens when a group 2 metal reacts with water?

A

atom loses an electron becomes a 2+ ion

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5
Q

What is the equation for a metal (Mg) with water?

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) > Mg(OH)2 + H2

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6
Q

What happens to reactivity down the group?

A

they become more reactive and reactions become more vigarous

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7
Q

What is the equation for Magnesium reacting with steam?

A

Mg(s) + H2O(g) > MgO(s) + H2(s)

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8
Q

What is the observation in a raction with magnesium and steam?

A

white flame and white solid
bright sparks

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9
Q

What is the trend in Hydroxides Solubility in water?

A

Solubility increases down the group

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10
Q

Why does pH of hydroxides increase down a group?

A

there are more hydroxide ions in the solution. this makes the solution more alkaline

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11
Q

What is the formula of a hydroxide metal (Ca)

A

Ca(OH)2

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12
Q

What is the test for magnesium ions?

A

add sodium hydroxide Na(OH)2 (or any soluble metal hydroxide)
if magnesium ions are present they will form a white precipitate of Mg(OH)2

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13
Q

What is the test for hydroxide ions?

A

Add magnesium chloride (or any soluble magnesium salt)
if magnesium ions are present white precipitate if Mg(OH) 2 forms

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14
Q

What is the formula for a metal sulfate? (Sr)

A

SrSO4

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15
Q

What is the trend in solubility for metal sulfates?

A

Solubility decreases down a group

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16
Q

What is the test for barium ions?

A

add sodium sulfate or sulphuric acid
if barium ions are present white ppt of BaSO4 is formed because barium is insoluble

17
Q

What is the test for sulfate ions?

A

add acidified barium chloride (or any barium salt)
if sulfate ions are present a white precipitate of BaSO4 forms

18
Q

Why must the solution be acidified with HCL/HNO3 before testing for sulfate ions?

A

this removes carbonate ions that would interfere with the reaction

they form a ppt of BaCO3

19
Q

How do you remove a precipitate using filtration?

A

• filter using gravity or a vacuum filtration
• wash to remove soluble impurities
• dry to remove water

20
Q

What is the use of the compound Mg?

A

Used in the extraction of titanium from its ore?

21
Q

What is the use of the compound Mg(OH)2?

A

Neutralises excess stomach acid (HCL)

22
Q

What is the use of the compound Ca(OH)2?

A

Neutralises acidic soils

23
Q

What is the use of the compound CaO & CaCO3?

A

CaO - flue gas desulfurisation
CaCO - neutralises SO2

24
Q

What is the use of the compound BaSO4?

A

CT scans and X-rays
Also used in barium meals

safe to use as BaSO4 is insoluble and wont be absorbed

25
Q

What is the use of the compound BaCl2?

A

tests for sulfate ions

26
Q

How is titanium extracted?

A

by the reduction of titanium chloride by a more reactive metal

27
Q

Describe the first step of extracting titanium

A

titanium oxide (TiO2) is converted into titanium chloride using chlorine and coke at 900°
TiCl is a liquid and fumes in moist air

28
Q

What is the equation for the formation of TiCl4 from TiO2

A

TiO2 + 2Cl > TiCl + 2C + 2CO

29
Q

How is magnesium used in the extraction of titanium?

A

Mg is used as a reducing agent
- is heated with TiCl in a crucible in an atmosphere of argon, this prevents oxidation, at 600°
- this forms MgCl and titanium

30
Q

what is the equation for the reduction of TiCl with Mg?

A

TiCl4 + 2Mg > 2MgCl2 + Ti

Chemistry (14 decks)

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