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9701 > group 2 elements > Flashcards

group 2 elements Flashcards

1
Q

group 2 elements are AKA

A

alkaline earth metals

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2
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

alkaline in nature like alkali metals oxides and they were found in the earths crust

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3
Q

alkaline earth metal properties

A

they are very reactive, they lose 2 electrons and exhibit an oxidation state of +2 always

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4
Q

physical properties of group 2 elements

A
  • atomic radii increase
  • reactivity increases
  • ionization energy decreases
  • melting point decreases
  • electronegativity decreases
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5
Q

group 2 metals with oxygen

A

burns in oxygen to form corresponding oxide. ( Ba is stored under oil)
forms characteristic coloured flama

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6
Q

group 2 metals with water

A

Mg reacts slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam
Other metals react vigorously with cold water to form hydroxide and hydrogen

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7
Q

group 2 metals with dilute HCl

A

metals reacts vigorously to form hydrogen gas, this can be seen by the increasing number of bubbles

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8
Q

group 2 metals with dilute H2SO4

A

magnesium reacts vigorously with dilute H2SO4
metals from Ca to Ba will not go to completion due to the formation of insoluble sulfate

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9
Q

group 2 metal oxide with water

A

group 2 oxides react with water to form hydroxides

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10
Q

group 2 metal oxides with dilute HCl

A

metal oxides react with dilute HCl to form salt and water

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11
Q

group 2 metal oxides with dilute H2SO4

A

MgO reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form salt and water
Other metal oxides will not go to completion

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12
Q

group 2 metal hydroxides with water

A

hydroxides react with water to form alkaline solutions
the alkalinity of the solutions increases down the group

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13
Q

group 2 metal hydroxides with dilute HCl

A

metal hydroxides react with dilute HCl to form salt and water

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14
Q

group 2 metal hydroxides with dilute H2SO4

A

Mg(OH)2 reacts with silute sulfuric acid to form salt and water
Other metal hydroxides will not go to completion

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15
Q

group 2 metal carbonates with water

A

All metal carbonates are insoluble in water

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16
Q

group 2 metal carbonates with dilute HCl

A

metal carbonates react with dilute HCl to form salt, CO2 and water

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17
Q

group 2 metal carbonates with dilute H2SO4

A

Magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form salt, CO2, and water
Other metal carbonates will not go to completion

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18
Q

hydroxide solubility

A

increases down the group making Mg the least soluble and Ba the most soluble

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19
Q

sulfate solubility

A

decreases down the group making Mg the most soluble and Ba the least soluble

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20
Q

as you move down group 2 , solutions of metal hydroxides become

A

more alkaline, because they undergo complete dissociation so it becomes more alkaline

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21
Q

magnesium hydroxide

A

is known as being sparingly soluble in water. magnesium hydroxide is not very soluble in water ( will form a precipitate) whereas barium hydroxide is very soluble

22
Q

thermal decomposition

A

the breakdown of a compound by heat into two or more different substances

23
Q

metal carbonates decompose to give

A

metal oxides and carbon dioxide

24
Q

metal nitrates decompose to give

A

metal oxides, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen.

25
Q

thermal stability of group 2 carbonates

A

increases as we go down the group

26
Q

why does the thermal stability of group 2 carbonates increase as we go down the group?

A

as we go down the group, the polarising power of group 2 metal cations decreases. the greater the polarising power of the cation, the more it will polarise the carbonate ion, tweaking the covalent bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms in its structure so that they are most likely to break upon heating to form carbon dioxide and metal oxide

27
Q

if we need to spend more heat to decompose the compound

A

thermal stability of group 2 nitrates and carbonates increases as we go down the group

28
Q

group 2 nitrates and carbonates will undergo

A

thermal decomposition. lithium reacts in a similar way like magnesium
lithium carbonate and nitrate will decompose on heating

29
Q

rest of group 1 metals other than lithium

A

Don’t react similarly, group 1 nitrates decomposes to give metal nitrite and oxygen

30
Q

group 1 metal carbonates

A

won’t decompose on heating as they require extremely high temp

31
Q

uses of group 2 elements

A

fertilizers and used to reduce the acidity of soil
antacids- magnesium hydroxide
batteries
alloys
calcium in the production of cement
magnesium is used in the production of magnesium alloys
MgO is used in high-temperature furnace lining due to its high MP
Barium sulfate is used in barium meals- m

32
Q

barium meals

A

medical tracer to image any internal organs or tissues. they are toxic only if it enters the bloodstream, as they are insoluble they cannot be absorbed by the blood

33
Q

Berrylium flame test

A

white

34
Q

magnesium flame test

A

white

35
Q

calcium flame test

A

red

36
Q

strontium flame test

A

red

37
Q

Barium flame test

A

green

38
Q

reaction of magnesium with water

A
39
Q

atomic radii graphical

A
40
Q

ionization energy graphical

A
41
Q

why does Ca have a higher Mp than Ba

A

Because Ca ion is smaller, large charge density,ie stronger attracted between ion and delocalized electrons

42
Q

melting point graphical

A
43
Q

Electronegativity graphical

A
44
Q

as you move down group, reactivity of elements

A

increases

45
Q

why does reactivity of elements increase as you move down group 2

A

atomic radii or size of the atom increases
shielding effect increases
thus the outer electrons can be easily removed from the outermost shell,
although the positive charge increases, these 2 factors outweighs this effect

46
Q

group 2 elements are metals and they possess

A

metallic bonding

47
Q

how many delocalized electrons are there in group 2 elements?

A

2 so +2 charge

48
Q

ionic radius __ down the group

A

increases, size or volume will increase

49
Q

the +2 charge is spred over the ion

A

thereby the charge density ( charge/volume) decreases because of this the delocalized will experience a weaker attraction from the ions , they will require less energy to overcome and will have low melting point

50
Q

melting point __ down the group

A

decreases

51
Q

metallic bonding

A

explains the properties of melting and boiling point, malleability and ductility

9701 (13 decks)

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