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FNP exam > Growth & Development > Flashcards

Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Caloric requirements by age

A 
Birth to 6 m: 120 kcal/kg/day
7m-1y: 100
2y-10y: 70
Adolescents: 45
Adults: 30-32
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2
Q

Adequate nutrition confirmed by weight gain

A

1st 3 months: 30g (1oz)/day

3-6 months: 15-20g/day

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3
Q

Vitamin D supplement 2 months to adolescence

A

400 IU/ day

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4
Q

Iron supplement

A

For exclusively breast-fed infants: 1mg/kg/day > 6mo (ideally from fortified cereals)

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5
Q

Weight gain progression

A 
Initial 10% loss
regained within 7-14 days
doubles by 5 months of age
triples by 1 year of age
quadruples by 2 years
school-age children gain 6 lb/ year
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6
Q

height progression 3 yo through school age

A

gain 2.5 inches/ yr

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7
Q

Tooth eruption

A 
Come Little Children Munch Meat
Central incisors
Lateral incisors
Cuspid
First molar
Second molar
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8
Q

Tooth eruption

A

Primary - age 6 months - central incisors

Permanent - 6 years - central incisors

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9
Q

Cognitive domain primary theorist

A

Piaget

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10
Q

Brain

A

doubles in size by 6 months, is 80% of adult size by age 2

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11
Q

Gross motor: good head control

A

2-3 mo

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12
Q

Gross motor: rolls back to front

A

5-6 mo

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13
Q

Gross motor: sits alone with no support

A

7 mo

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14
Q

Gross motor: pulls to stand

A

9 - 10 mo

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15
Q

Gross motor: stands alone

A

11-12 mo

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16
Q

Gross motor: walks

A

12-14 mo

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17
Q

Gross motor: walks up & down stairs

A

22-24 mo

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18
Q

Gross motor: jumps

A

24-28 mo

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19
Q

Fine motor: grasps & shakes rattle

A

2-3 mo

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20
Q

Fine motor: reaches for object

A

3-4 mo

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21
Q

Fine motor: hand-to-hand transfer

A

5-6 mo

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22
Q

Fine motor: raking grasp

A

6-7 mo

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23
Q

Fine motor: finger grasp

A

7-9 mo

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24
Q

Fine motor: pincer grasp

A

8-10 mo

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25
Q

Fine motor: marks on paper

A

10-12 mo

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26
Q

Fine motor: stacks 3 blocks

A

17-18 mo

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27
Q

Fine motor: stacks 6 to 7 blocks

A

22 - 24 mo

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28
Q

Language: smiles & coos

A

2-3 mo

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29
Q

Language: laughs

A

4-5 mo

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30
Q

Language: babbles

A

5-6 mo

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31
Q

Language: “Mama-dada”

A

8 - 9 mo

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32
Q

Language: waves bye-bye

A

8-9 mo

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33
Q

Language: understands “no”

A

9-10 mo

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34
Q

Language: points to body parts

A

15-18 mo

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35
Q

Language: 2-word sentences

A

18-22 mo

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36
Q

Language: 30-to-50-word vocabulary

A

22-24 mo

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37
Q

Smiles & coos

A

2-5 mo

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38
Q

Watches a person’s face intently

A

2-5 mo

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39
Q

Follows people & objects with eyes

A

2-5 mo

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40
Q

Laughs aloud

A

2-5 mo

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41
Q

Lifts head/ chest when on stomach

A

2-5 mo

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42
Q

Holds head steady when pulled to sit

A

2-5 mo

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43
Q

Grasps rattle placed in hand

A

2-5 mo

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44
Q

Startles to loud noise

A

2-5 mo

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45
Q

Babbles & combines vowel/ consonant sounds

A

6 - 9 mo

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46
Q

Turns to sound

A

6 - 9 mo

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47
Q

Responds to name

A

6 - 9 mo

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48
Q

Rolls over

A

6 - 9 mo

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49
Q

Sits independently

A

6 - 9 mo

50
Q

Transfers objects

A

6 - 9 mo

51
Q

Supports weight on feet

A

6 - 9 mo

52
Q

Uses thumb & fingers to pick up objects

A

6 - 9 mo

53
Q

Crawls

A

6 - 9 mo

54
Q

Takes simple action upon request

A

10-12 mo

55
Q

Purposefully says “Mama” or “Dada”

A

10-12 mo

56
Q

Sits independently and plays

A

10-12 mo

57
Q

Pulls to standing / cruise furniture

A

10-12 mo

58
Q

Communicates by reaching and pointing

A

10-12 mo

59
Q

Moves purposefully to get desired object

A

10-12 mo

60
Q

Has increasing curiosity

A

10-12 mo

61
Q

Recognizes people

A

10-12 mo

62
Q

Uses both hands equally well

A

10-12 mo

63
Q

Scribbles with large crayon

A

13 - 18 mo

64
Q

Walks alone

A

13 - 18 mo

65
Q

Feeds self with fingers and begins using a spoon

A

13 - 18 mo

66
Q

4 to 10-word vocabulary

A

13 - 18 mo

67
Q

Follows simple directions

A

13 - 18 mo

68
Q

Coordinates use of both hands

A

13 - 18 mo

69
Q

Responds to name

A

13 - 18 mo

70
Q

Points to 2 pictures upon request

A

13 - 18 mo

71
Q

Long jabbering sentences

A

13 - 18 mo

72
Q

Throw ball overhead

A

13 - 18 mo

73
Q

Walks up/ down stairs

A

19 - 24 mo

74
Q

Jumps with both feet

A

19 - 24 mo

75
Q

Completes simple puzzles, circle shapes first

A

19 - 24 mo

76
Q

Stacks 6 to 7 blocks

A

19 - 24 mo

77
Q

Uses 2-word sentences

A

19 - 24 mo

78
Q

30-to-50-word vocabulary

A

19 - 24 mo

79
Q

Denver II

A 
Generalized assessment tool
Used from birth to 6 years of age
Measures: 
i. Gross motor development
ii. Fine motor development
III. Language
iv. Personal-social development
Not an intelligence test
80
Q

BMI calculation

A

For children > 2yo

BMI = weight in kg/ (height in meters)2

81
Q

Corrected gestational age (CGA)

A

adjustment of developmental expectations for premature infants through the age of 2 years

82
Q

Three components or personalities (Freud)

A

Id: principle of pleasure
Ego: Principle of reality/ self- interest
Superego: principle of morality or conscience

83
Q

Infancy: stage of psychosexual development (Freud)

A

Infancy: oral stage
Birth to 6 months: orally passive (development of the id; biological pleasure principle)
7 to 18 months: orally aggressive (teething, oral satisfaction of needs by mother decreases tension

84
Q

Toddler (1.5-3y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)

A

Anal stage (toilet training)

85
Q

Preschool (3-6y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)

A

Phallic stage (love of opposite sex, Oedipal complex); ego development

86
Q

School age (6 - 12y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)

A

Latency stage (sexual drive repressed, socialization occurs, super ego and morality development)

87
Q

Adolescence (12-18y): stage of psychosexual development (Freud)

A

Genital stage

88
Q

Infancy (0-1y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t

A

Trust vs mistrust

89
Q

Toddler (1-3y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t

A

Autonomy vs shame & doubt

90
Q

Preschool (3-6y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t

A

Initiative vs guilt

91
Q

School age (6-12y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t

A

Industry vs inferiority

92
Q

Adolescence (12-18y): Erikson - psychosocial dev-t

A

Identity vs role confusion

93
Q

Birth to 2 y: Piaget - cognitive domain

A

Sensorimotor stage:

  • Reflexes: inborn
  • Adapts inborn reflexes to the environment
  • Object permanence
  • Sensory abilities improve; becomes increasingly aware of environment
  • Trial & error learning
  • Simple problem solving
94
Q

2-4 y: Piaget - cognitive domain

A

Preoperational/ Preconceptual stage

  • can focus on a single aspect of a situation
  • No cause-and-effect reasoning
  • Egocentrism
  • Development of intuitive thought
  • Difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy (magical thinking)
95
Q

4-7 y: Piaget - cognitive domain

A

Intuitive/ Preoperational thinking

- Beginning of causation

96
Q

7 - 11 y: Piaget - cognitive domain

A

Concrete thinking:

  • Capable of logical thought
  • Logical operations
97
Q

11 - 15 y: Piaget - cognitive domain

A

Formal operational thought:

  • Ability to abstract
  • Capable of complex problem solving
  • Reality-based
  • Logical conclusions
98
Q

One of the major psychosocial tasks of infancy is:

a. Development of secure attachment
b. Separation-individuation
c. Symbiosis
d. Regulation

A

a. Development of secure attachment

99
Q

When examining 10 yo Bob’s teeth, you note that the upper incisors slightly overlap the lower incisors. The second and lower first molars are absent. Your assessment is:

a. Malocclusion
b. Delayed mandibular dentition
c. Normal dentition
d. Hyperdontia

A

b. Delayed mandibular dentition

100
Q

Wich of the following best describes behavior associated with Piaget’s concrete operations?

a. Learning primary by trail and error
b. Interpreting events in relationship to self
c. Categorizing information
d. Drawing logical conclusions

A

c. Categorizing information

101
Q

A 5.5 yo Asian child has fallen off her growth curve. The best intervention would be to:

a. Suggest infant breakfast drinks
b. Incorporate traditional foods in diet
c. Educate family on need to increase calories & nutrients
d. Refer to endocrine clinic for evaluation

A

b. Incorporate traditional foods in diet

102
Q

What is considered minimal weight gain in a normal newborn after discharge from the hospital:

a. 10 g/d
b. 20 g/ d
c. 30 g/ d
d. 40 g/d

A

c. 30 g/ d

103
Q

The most likely weight of a 1 yo child whose weight at birth was 6.5 lb would be what?

a. 19 - 20 lbs
b. 13 - 14
c. 25 - 26
d. Impossible to estimate

A

a. 19 - 20 lbs

104
Q

You would expect a school age child to:

a. Grow 1.5 inches per year
b. Grow 0.5 inch/ y
c. Gain about 6 lbs per year
d. gain about 3 lbs per year

A

c. Gain about 6 lbs per year

105
Q

Gross motor skills: 2 yo

A

Up & down steps
Kicks ball without falling
Runs with wide gait

106
Q

Gross motor: 3 yo

A

Hops at 3.5

Rides a tricycle

107
Q

Gross motor: 4 yo

A

Up & down stairs with alternating feet

Rides bicycle with training wheels

108
Q

Gross motor: 5 yo

A

Skips
Jumps rope
Plays ball

109
Q

Fine motor: 2 yo

A

Tower of 8 cubes

Turns a doorknob

110
Q

Fine motor: 3 yo

A

Copies a circle

Builds a tower

111
Q

Fine motor: 4 yo

A

Draws person with 4 to 6 parts

Tower of 10 blocks

112
Q

Fine motor: 5 yo

A

Copies a square
Copies multiple shapes
Prints letters
Ties shoes

113
Q

Cognitive dev-t (Piaget): age 2 to 4 yo

A

Preconceptual

114
Q

Cognitive dev-t (Piaget): ages 4 to 7 yo

A

Intuitive

115
Q

Developmental warning signs: 1 yo

A
  • Is not imitating sounds
  • Is not pulling to standing
  • Is not indicating desires by point/ gestures
116
Q

Developmental warning signs: 18 months

A
  • Doesn’t make eye contact

- Doesn’t feed self with spoon

117
Q

Developmental warning signs: 2 years

A
  • Is not walking up stairs
  • Is not using 2-to-3 word phrases
  • Is not noticing cars, animals
  • Is not initiating self-stimulation behaviors
118
Q

Developmental warning signs: 3 years

A
  • Is not aware of external environment
  • Cannot ride a tricycle
  • Doesn’t follow simple direction
  • Continues baby talk
  • Doesn’t imitate adult activities
119
Q

Developmental warning signs: 4 years

A
  • Doesn’t listen to a story
  • Doesn’t speak in sentences
  • Engages in head banging or rocking
  • Is not toilet trained
  • Doesn’t draw a human figure
120
Q

Developmental warning signs: 5 years

A
  • Magical thinking is still a dominant presence

- No impulse control

FNP exam (6 decks)

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