Growth Of Industrial Towns And Cities

Question 1

What happened to industry as a result of the growth in international trade? And an example of this?

Answer 1

• Industry drifted to areas with good transport links.
• E.G. The cotton mills in Lancashire had access to Liverpool via the Manchester-Liverpool railway (finished in 1830). The area became very wealthy, with imports of cotton from the USA and exports around the world.

Question 2

What was introduced in 1769 and how did this benefit factories?

Answer 2

• The Steam Engine
• Meant that factors no longer needed to be near rivers (as a power source)
• Coal became a major necessity

Question 3

Because of the high demand of coal due to steam engines, what happened to industry?

Answer 3

• Industry gradually moved to areas plentiful in raw materials (mainly coal)
• The Midlands, North of England, South Wales

Question 4

What happened to the South of England during this time?

Answer 4

• Became relatively unimportant since it maintained agricultural production and traditional working methods.

Question 5

Who did the South loose out on some of its wool industry to and why?

Answer 5

• Yorkshire
• had better access to coal needed to power the steam engines in the mills and engines

Question 6

Why did many people migrate north?

Answer 6

• To find jobs
• Mechanisation of agriculture lowered the need for labourers whilst the north had a greater demand for them

Question 7

In 1750, What two cities had a population of over 50,000?

Answer 7

• London & Edinburgh

Question 8

By 1851, how many cities had a population over 50,000 and how many had a population of over 100,000?

Answer 8

• 29 cities with a population over 50,000
• 9 cities with a population over 100,000

Question 9

By 1851, how big was London’s population?

Answer 9

Over 2.3 million

Question 10

In Manchester, what did carpenter’s wages increase from between 1765 and 1795?

Answer 10

• Increased from 64% to 88% of the rates paid in London

Question 11

What rate did Urban areas grow at from 1801-51?

Answer 11

Between 23%-29% depending on the town

Question 12

As a result of the population growth, how many children died in their first year of life?

Answer 12

3/20

Question 13

In Sheffield and Manchester, what fraction of children failed to reach their fifth birthday in the 1830s?

Answer 13

1/2

Question 14

By the 1820s, how many miles of navigable canals and waterways were there for trade?

Answer 14

• 4000

Question 15

Who was Richard Arkwright and how much was he worth when he died in 1792?

Answer 15

A middle-class, first factory owner.
- Worth £500,000

Question 16

Who was Richard Crayshaw and by 1830 how many people did he employ and how much was he worth?

Answer 16

Owned the Cyfartha ironworks at Merthyr Tydfil
- By 1830 employed 5000 people
- Worth over £200,000

Question 17

How did banks help the middle class?

Answer 17

• banks provided a source of capital which allowed men with a vision to establish themselves in business, a key feature of industrialisation.

Question 18

Between 1816-1831, what % had the middle-class grown by?

Answer 18

75%