Haber and Contact process

Question 1

Haber process

Answer 1

the process where ammonia is made on a large scale for profit

Question 2

Forward reaction
and backward reaction of haber process

Answer 2

forward: -92 exothermic
backward: +92 endothermic

Question 3

Raw materials used and their sources

Answer 3

1. Hydrogen from natural gas (methane)
2. Steam
3. Nitrogen from Air

Question 4

Conditions for Haber Process

Answer 4

1) 450C
2) 200 atmosphere pressure (20,000kPa)
3) Iron catalyst

Question 5

how is nitrogen extracted from air

Answer 5

Fractional distillation of clean dry liquid air

Question 6

Closed system def

Answer 6

A system where no exchange of matter can take place, but only energy exchange can

Question 7

Haber process equation (making ammonia)

Answer 7

Nitrogen+ Hydrogen ⇄ Ammonia

(reversible)

Question 8

conditions of manufacturing hydrogen for haber process

Answer 8

1) reacting with steam
2) 750C
3) nickel based catalyst

Question 9

Manufacture of hydrogen gas equation

Answer 9

Methane + Steam ⇌ Carbon monoxide + Hydrogen

(all gases state symbol)

Question 10

How is even more hydrogen formed after reacting with methane?

Answer 10

reacting carbon monoxide produced with even more steam to make hydrogen and carbon dioxide

CO(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ H₂(g) + CO₂(g)

only one mole

Question 11

Contact process steps:

Answer 11

1. Combustion of sulfur in air, or roasting sulfide ores in air
2. Futher oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide
3. Producing oleum
4. Producing sulfuric acid

Question 12

1. Combustion of sulfur equation(s)

Answer 12

S + O₂ –> SO₂

or

ZnS + O₂ –> ZnO + SO₂

Question 13

2. further oxidation of sulfur dioxide equation

Answer 13

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g)

All gases

Question 14

optimum % yield and rate of sulfur dioxide oxidation reaction

Conditions:

Answer 14

450C
2atm (200kPa)
Vanadium(V) Oxide catalyst

foward reaction is exothermic

Question 15

3. Producing oleum equation

Answer 15

SO₃ + H₂SO₄ (concentrated)–> H₂S₂O₇

Sulfur trioxide + CONCENTRATED sulfuric acid –> Oleum

sulfuric acid state symbol here is liquid not aqueous

All ONE mole

Question 16

Why cant concentrated sulfuric acid be made directly from sulfur trioxide

Answer 16

Reaction is very exothermic and acid would boil and splash, so its for safety

Question 17

4. Producing sulfuric acid equation

what is sulfuric acid here used for

Answer 17

H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O –> 2H₂SO₄

some of sulfuric acid produced here is used in step 3 to make oleum, rest is sold as chemical

Oleum + WATER –> Sulfuric acid

Question 18

Properties of sulfuric acid

Answer 18

Dilute sulfurc acid:
used as regular acid in acid base reactions

Concentrated sulfuric acid:
- Dehydrating agent (solids)
- Drying acid, or neutral gases (fluid)

Question 19

uses of sulfuric acid

Answer 19

• making soapless detergents
• making fertilisers