Hall

Question 1

Mixed venous O2 saturation equation

Answer 1

SvO2 = SaO2 - (VO2 / (1.39 * CO * Hgb)), VO2 = O2 consumption

Question 2

Vital capacity is how many mL/kg

Answer 2

60-70 mL/kg, normal adult = 4500 mL

Question 3

Carbon monoxide poisoning increases patient’s minute ventilation by what mechanism?

Answer 3

Causing lactic acidosis

Question 4

Acute increase in PaCO2 of 10 mmHg will decrease pH by?

Answer 4

0.08 pH units

Question 5

Total body deficit of bicarb

Answer 5

TBW * 24 - HCO3 * 0.3, TBW=Total Body Weight, 0.3 is extracellular fluid volume as a fraction of body mass

Question 6

Compensatory decrease in bicarb for every 10 mmHg decrease of PaCO2

Answer 6

5 mEq/L for every 10 mmHg

Question 7

Abnormal hemoglobins shift oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in which direction

Answer 7

right shift

Question 8

Transpulmonary shunt estimation with A-a gradient

Answer 8

1% shunt for each 20 mmHg of A-a gradient

Question 9

Transpulmonary shunt equation

Answer 9

(CcO2 - CaO2) / (CcO2 - CvO2), oxygen content for end pulmonary capillary, artery, venous

Question 10

What percentage of total body O2 consumption is used for work of breathing in normal resting adult

Answer 10

1-3%

Question 11

Relationship between change of pH and [K+]

Answer 11

For every 0.08 unit change in pH is 0.5 mEq/L change in [K+]

Question 12

A change in bicarb of 10 mEq/L will change pH by how much?

Answer 12

0.15 units of pH

Question 13

Half life of carboxyhemoglobin in a pt breathing 100% O2

Answer 13

1 hour

Question 14

signs of excessive cholinergic activity

Answer 14

DUMBELS - diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, emesis, lacrimation, salivation

Question 15

Best drug for treating hypotension in setting of severe acidemia

Answer 15

vasopressin, septic patients have relative deficiency of ADH

Question 16

normal A-a gradient in normal awake pt breathing room air

Answer 16

5-10 mmHg

Question 17

White count rises or decreases in TRALI?

Answer 17

neutropenia

Question 18

newborn ACLS compression-ventilation ratio

Answer 18

90 to 30

Question 19

elimination half time of amiodarone

Answer 19

29 days

Question 20

recombinant human activated protein C (Xigris) is indicated for treatment of

Answer 20

septic shock, it inhibits factor Va and VIIIa which reduces inflammation and microthrombi, it also blocks TNF production, major side effect is hemorrhage

Question 21

properties of chlorpromazine

Answer 21

antipsychotic, antiemetic, sedation, enhance CNS depressants, prolong QT, block effects of guanethidine

Question 22

mechanism of TCAs

Answer 22

inhibiting reuptake of released norepinephrine and serotonin, thus increasing MAC and causing exaggerated response to ephedrine, anti-cholinergic side effects

Question 23

alpha-antagonist that produces irreversible blockade

Answer 23

phenoxybenzamine

Question 24

IV anesthetic that causes adrenal suppression

Answer 24

etomidate

Question 25

IV anesthetic with specific antagonist

Answer 25

benzodiazepine

Question 26

IV anesthetic that increases ICP

Answer 26

ketamine

Question 27

antihypertensive agent that reduces MAC

Answer 27

clonidine

Question 28

antihypertensive agent associated with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

Answer 28

minoxidil

Question 29

antihypertensive agent that may cause SLE-like syndrome

Answer 29

hydralazine

Question 30

catecholamine that lowers SVR at low dose and increases SVR at high dose, and has significant effect on metabolism

Answer 30

epinephrine

Question 31

catecholamine that lowers SVR and MAP with marked tachycardia

Answer 31

isoproterenol, non-selective beta-agonist

Question 32

catecholamine that has little change in SVR with mild increases in HR and MAP

Answer 32

dobutamine, primarily beta-1 agonist

Question 33

opioid receptors that causes supraspinal analgesia and prolactin release

Answer 33

mu1 receptors

Question 34

opioid receptors that causes marked constipation

Answer 34

mu2 and delta receptors

Question 35

opioid receptors that cause respiratory depression

Answer 35

mu2 and delta receptors

Question 36

opioid receptors that cause dysphoria and diuresis

Answer 36

kappa receptors

Question 37

sustained response to tetanic stimulus is seen in what type of neuromuscular blockade

Answer 37

phase I depolarizing blockade

Question 38

how does thyroid function affect MAC?

Answer 38

no change

Question 39

how does lithium therapy affect MAC?

Answer 39

decreases MAC

Question 40

how does pregnancy affect MAC?

Answer 40

decreases MAC

Question 41

anticholinergic that produces best sedation

Answer 41

scopolamine

Question 42

Tx of pruritis

Answer 42

opioid antagonists, mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, antihistamine, propofol

Question 43

Signs of digitalis toxicity

Answer 43

loss of appetite, nausea, trigeminal nerve pain, foot pain, visual disturbances

Question 44

Initial symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity

Answer 44

lightheadedness and dizziness

Question 45

Part of brain that regulates ventilation

Answer 45

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 46

What finding indicates complete resolution of spinal anesthesia?

Answer 46

Ability to urinate

Question 47

Maternal hyperglycemia may cause what neonatal issues

Answer 47

Metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia

Question 48

Fentanyl induced bradycardia is caused by

Answer 48

Vagal stimulation