HANTAVIRUS DISEASE

Question 1

a febrile illness characterized by bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise usually requiring supplemental oxygen and clinically resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

early symptom(s)] consists of fever, chills, myalgia (i.e., muscle pain), headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Typical clinical laboratory findings include hemoconcentration, left shift in the white blood cell count, neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia (i.e., decrease in the number of blood platelets often associated with hemorrhagic conditions), and circulating immunoblasts.

Answer 1

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

Question 2

Characterized by acute onset of fever, lower back pain, hemorrhagic manifestations, and renal (i.e., kidney) involvement. The disease has five clinical phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent.

Answer 2

. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), includes Korean hemorrhagic fever)

Question 3

Laboratory criteria for diagnosis

Answer 3

Any of the following:
• Detection of hantavirus-specific IgM or rising titers of hantavirus-specific IgG;
• Detection of hantavirus-specific RNA sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical specimens; or
• Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry.
Note: Laboratory testing should be performed or confirmed at a reference laboratory.