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POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > HAPPINESS > Flashcards

HAPPINESS Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the attainment of subjective wellbeing (SWB).

A

HAPPINESS

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2
Q

encompasses how people evaluate their own lives in terms of both affective (how we feel) and cognitive components (what we think) of well-being (Diener et al., 1999)

A

SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING

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3
Q

SWB =

A

satisfaction with life + high positive affect + low negative affect

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3
Q

Diener on the other hand argues that Happiness refers to

A

discrepancy between the present situation and what is thought to be the ideal or deserved standard

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3
Q

He further mentioned that one is satisfied when

A

there is little or no discrepancy between the present and what is thought to be an ideal or deserved situation.

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4
Q

is a result of a substantial discrepancy between present conditions and the ideal standard.

A

DISSATISFACTION

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5
Q

Dissatisfaction can also be a result of

A

comparing oneself with others (Boniwell & Tunariu, 2019).

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6
Q

efers to the emotional side of wellbeing including moods and emotions associated with experiencing momentary events (Diener et al., 1999a).

A

AFFECT

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7
Q

People with higher levels of SWB tend to demonstrate

A

higher levels of creativity, increased task persistence, multitasking, being systematic, optimism, attending to relevant negative information; longevity, less vulnerability to illness, sociability, trust, helpfulness, and less hostility and less self-centeredness (Boniwell & Tunariu, 2019).

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8
Q

Income may influence wellbeing because wealthier nations appear to have…

A

equality, human rights, democracy, literacy, and people live a longer life.

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9
Q

countries with higher income tend to have..

A

more competitiveness, more materialism and less time for socializing and leisure.

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10
Q

Is correlated with happiness in men, not in women

A

INCOME

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11
Q

is related to depression for husbands, not for wives

A

LOW PERSONAL INCOME

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12
Q

is related to depression for single but not married women

A

LOW INCOME

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13
Q

Gallup-Healthways Wellbeing Index poll recently found that people need to spend… HOURS PER DAY IN SOCIAL SETTINGS… and up to… if your job is stressful

A

six to seven ; nine

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14
Q

are greatest predictors and facilitators of SWB.

A

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

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15
Q

…has rejected the concept of gross national product (GNP) as the measurement of its country’s success, and introduced..

A

BHUTAN ; GNH

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16
Q

encompasses how people evaluate their own lives in terms of affective and cognitive components (Diener, 2000)

A

SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING

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17
Q

(SWLS)

A

Satisfaction with Life Scale

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18
Q

(PANAS)

A

Positive and Negative Activation Schedule

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19
Q

has been employed in order to reduce memory biases.

A

Experience Sampling Methods (ESM)

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20
Q

The most widely known global wellbeing poll, which boasts data from over 98 percent of the world’s population

A

Gallup World Poll.

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21
Q

Wellbeing Finder instrument concluded that five elements were essential for overall wellbeing:

A

CAREER, SOCIAL, FINANCIAL, PHYSICAL, COMMUNITY WELLBEING

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22
Q

This represents where you spend most of your time during the day,

A

CAREER WB

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23
Q

this represents your relationships and experiences of love,

A

SOCIAL WB

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24
Q

represents how well you can manage your financial situation

A

FINANCIAL WB

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24
Q

represents your ability to have good health and energy

A

PHYSICAL WB

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25
Q

represents your role and participation within the community you live in.

A

COMMUNITY WB

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26
Q

It indicates that there are five ways to wellbeing,

A

FORESIGHT REPORT

27
Q

FIVE WAYS TO WELLBEING

A

CONNECT, BE ACTIVE, TAKE NOTICE, KEEP LEARNING, GIVE

27
Q

Following from the exciting research on savouring, this element refers to research that demonstrates that ‘stopping to smell the roses’ actually can enhance our wellbeing.

A

TAKE NOTICE

27
Q

When we build connections with people around us, we experience higher levels of wellbeing as well as stronger resilience in the face of adversity.

A

CONNECT

27
Q

By engaging the brain and challenging yourself to keep learning, you can enhance levels of wellbeing.

A

KEEP LEARNING

27
Q

As discussed in more detail within Chapter 9, an important part of wellbeing is taking care of the body as well as the mind.

A

BE ACTIVE

28
Q

As seen in results from random acts of kindness research, people experience high levels of wellbeing when they give something or their time to others.

A

GIVE

29
Q

HIGHEST COUNTRY WB

A

NORWAY, DENMARK, IRELAND, SWITZERLAND, FINLAND

30
Q

LOWEST COUNTRY WB

A

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, BURUNDI, TANZANIA, SYRIA

31
Q

Research indicates that the majority of the happiest countries are situated in the

A

northern part of the hemisphere where there is not a lot of sun and there is limited light.

32
Q

When people do not see light or sun for long periods of time they can experience

A

seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or depression from the lack of sunlight.

33
Q

There appears to be a strong genetic influence on an individual’s well-being.

A

Dynamic Equilibrium Theory

34
Q

The theory states that personality determines baseline levels of emotional responses

A

Dynamic Equilibrium Theory

35
Q

is the area of biological research that looks at the causal interactions between genes and the environment (Curley and Keverne, 2009: 347).

A

EPIGENETICS

35
Q

According to Sonja Lyubomirsky the determining factors of happiness is in these proportions

A

10% caused by environment, 40 % caused by things that you do and 50 % caused by genetics.

36
Q

which posits that happy periods in our life are inevitably followed by negative periods, which cancel each other out, and thus any attempt to increase happiness will be unsuccessful.

A

ZERO-SUM THEORY

37
Q

is what we feel when we get what we want

A

NATURAL HAPPINESS

38
Q

s what we make when we don’t get what we want.

A

SYNTHETIC HAPPINESS

39
Q

With social comparison, we can compare our situation, attractiveness and wealth to others either in an upward or downward spiral.

A

Relative Standards Model

39
Q

have been linked to increased instances of depression and lowered SWB.

A

STATUS ANXIETY AND MATERIALISM

40
Q

placing high value on love correlates positively with

A

LIFE SATISFACTION

41
Q

has now been replaced with the ‘tyranny of freedom’, where more choice isn’t necessarily a good thing (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz et al., 2002).

A

FREEDOM OF CHOICE

42
Q

An abundance of choice has led to three leading problems for consumers and citizens of Western societies.

A

INFORMATION, ERROR, PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

43
Q

are individuals who are able to choose items that meet their minimum criteria and go for ‘what’s good enough’

A

SATISFICERS

44
Q

on are individuals who fixate on searching for all the possible options and look for the best possible choice.

A

MAXIMIZERS

45
Q

Which means that as the choices available to us rise, so do our expectations

A

Escalation of expectations.

46
Q

he hours that we spend sifting through the multitude of choice takes away from the time spent on more

A

TIME

46
Q

There are three health categories:

A

a) the likelihood a person will contract a specific illness;
b) how long a person lives after contracting a life threatening illness and
c) how long a person’s lifespan is

47
Q

in what awaits us on the ‘other side’.

A

COMFORTING BELIEFS

48
Q

There may be a lot of factors to consider but researchers proposed that for a religion to enhance wellbeing, there are elements needed (Diener & Biswas-Diener,2008) such as:

A

Comforting beliefs, Social support,Connecting to something permanent and important, Growing up religiously, Experience of rituals

49
Q

The theory explains that when we are committed to a set of goals, it provides us a sense of personal agency and a sense of structure and meaning to daily life’ (Diener et al., 1999: 284).

A

GOAL THEORIES

50
Q

IN ACHIEVING OUR GOAL WE TEND TO USE AIM APPROACH…. MEANING

A

ATTENTION, INTERPRETATION, MEMORY

51
Q

Refers to our tendency to put together a story when all the facts are not yet presented.

A

ATTENTION

52
Q

Refers to our tendency to put together a story when all the facts are not yet presented

A

INTERPRETATION

53
Q

There are six main destructive thinking patterns that we tend to default to when interpreting events:

A

AWFULIZING, DISSTRESS INTOLERANCE, LEARNED HELPLESSNESS, PERFECTIONISM, NEGATIVE SELF-FULFILLING EXPECTANCIES, AND REJECTION GOOGLES

53
Q

Exaggerating a negative event or person beyond what is objectively true.

A

AWFULIZING

54
Q

A perception that individuals adopt that tells them that they will not be able to recover or withstand potentially traumatic events.

A

DISTRESS INTOLERANCE

55
Q

this is when people adopt a mentality that they have no control over their negative situations and give up.

A

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS

56
Q

Individuals who use this tend to fixate on the minute details and only accept excellence.

A

PERFECTIONISM

57
Q

The phenomenon of eliciting negative responses from others via a person’s previous communications with others.

A

Negative self-fulfilling expectancies.

58
Q

This is when people identify and fixate on rejection, even when it may not exist in the situation. (Adapted from Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2008)

A

Rejection goggles

59
Q

Relates to the large body of research showing that recalling and savouring past positive events and experiences leads to enhanced wellbeing.

A

MEMORY

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (2 decks)

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