Paper 1 - Hazardous Earth (Techtonics)

Question 1

what are the 2 types of crusts

Answer 1

oceanic and continental

Question 2

continental crust facts

Answer 2

• made of thick granite
• low density
• forms over the land

Question 3

oceanic crust facts

Answer 3

• under the oceans
• made of basalt
• high density
• 6-8km deep (thin)

Question 4

lithosphere

Answer 4

uppermost layer of the earth - it includes the top of the mantle and the crust
—> it is cool and brittle

Question 5

asthenosphere

Answer 5

part of the earth’s mantle below lithosphere
—> it is hot, semi-molten layer

Question 6

techtonic plates

Answer 6

the earth’s surface is broken into large pieces

Question 7

layers of the earth

Answer 7

• crust
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core

Question 8

convection current

Answer 8

this occurs in the mantle and is the rising, spread, and sinking of magma

Question 9

how do plates move - convection current

Answer 9

• hot air rises
• it looses heat and cools down
• it sinks back down to be reheated
• the magma and crust create friction which causes the plates to move

Question 10

continental drift

Answer 10

250 million years ago, the land masses of earth were clustered into one super continent called Pangea, as millions of years passed, Pangea broke apart and large pieces of land slowly moved away into the continents as we know them today

Question 11

pieces of evidence for continental drift

Answer 11

• the Meosuarus
• continental jigsaw
• coal deposits

Question 12

what types of crusts are found at divergent plate boundaries

Answer 12

• oceanic
• oceanic

Question 13

what types of crusts are found at convergent plate boundaries

Answer 13

• oceanic
• continental

Question 14

what types of crusts are found at collision plate boundaries

Answer 14

• continental
• continental

Question 15

what types of crusts are found at conservative plate boundaries

Answer 15

• continental
• continental

Question 16

types of plate boundaries

Answer 16

• divergent
• convergent
• collision
• conservative

Question 17

movement of divergent plate boundaries

Question 18

movement of convergent plate boundaries

Question 19

movement of collision plate boundaries

Question 20

movement of conservative plate boundaries

Question 21

hotspot volcano

Answer 21

an area of the Earth’s mantle from which hot plumes rise upward, forming volcanoes on the overlying crust

Question 22

how to earthquakes happen

Answer 22

caused by the movement of tectonic plates found at fault lines (tectonic plate boundaries)

Question 23

what are the two case studies

Answer 23

• earthquake Hatu
• earthquake Japan

Question 24

seismic waves

Answer 24

vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake

Question 25

earthquakes magnitude

Answer 25

the amount of energy the earthquake releases

Question 26

richer scal

Answer 26

the scale that rates an earthquakes magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves

Question 27

composite volcano

Answer 27

• a tall volcano made up of lava and ash
• has violent eruptions
• lava is thick and moves slowly

Question 28

shield volcano

Answer 28

• a small wide volcano
• not as violent eruptions
• lava is thin and runny and moved quickly