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Disease Processes > HBV > Flashcards

HBV Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 5 viruses that cause hepatitis?

A 
HAV
HBV
HCV
HDV
HEV
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1
Q

What is the definition of hepatitis?

A

An inflammation of the liver and characterised by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ

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2
Q

What type can HBV be?

A

Acute or chronic

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3
Q

When is HBV classified as acute?

A

If it lasts less than 6 months

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4
Q

When is HBV classed as chronic?

A

If it persists for more than 6 months

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5
Q

What percentage of the uk is a chronic carrier of HBV?

A

0.37%

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6
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A

Blood
Body fluids
Perinatal infection

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7
Q

How infectious is HBV?

A

50-100x more infectious than HIV

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8
Q

What are two points about HBV?

A

It has partially doubled stranded, circular genome DNA

Cannot be grown in cell culture

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9
Q

What family does HBV virus belong to?

A

Hepadnaviridae family
Seven genotypes
Four subtypes

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of transfection of HBV?

A 
Virus enters hepatocyte
Un coating
Nuclear transport
Repairing partial genome
Synthesis of HBV RNA 
Viral translocation 
Transcription leads to negative DNA
Positive DNA strand synthesis
Viral assembly at ER
nucleocapsids coat and envelope proteins
Budding and viral secretion in blood
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11
Q

What factor appears to determine if HBV is chronic or acute?

A

Age, the younger the more likely to be chronic

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of acute HBV?

A

Itchy skin
Dark urine
Fatigue
Anorexia

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13
Q

What are characteristics of an asymptomatic carrier?

A

Normal LFTs
Asymptomatic
Near normal liver histology

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a chronic HBV carrier?

A

Elevated LFTs
Abnormal hepatic histology
20% develop cirrhosis

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15
Q

What can HBV develop into?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

16
Q

What can contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Persistent infection

If HBeAg positive

17
Q

What are methods of prevention against HBV?

A

Vaccination
HBV immunoglobin
Screening of blood

18
Q

What blood tests are used to determine HBV infection?

A 
Test for;
HBsAg
Anti HBs
Anti HBc
HBeAg
19
Q

What are treatments of HBV?

A

Normally no treatment required
Antiviral treatment
Drugs to stop replication

Disease Processes (11 decks)

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