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Anatomy MRCEM part 1 > Head and neck > Flashcards

Head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior neck triangle borders

A

Inferior mandible, anterior edge of SCM, midline of the neck

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2
Q

Posterior neck triangle borders

A

Posterior SCM, middle 1/3 clavicle & anterior edge of trapezius

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3
Q

What is contained in the SCM region (4)

A

SCM
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve

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4
Q

Posterior cervical region contains (2)

A

Trapezius
Cutaneous branch of the posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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5
Q

3 neck compartments

A

Anterior midline - visceral
Lateral - vascular
Posterior midline - vertebral

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6
Q

Which deep fascia completely surrounds the neck?

A

Investing / musculofacial collar

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7
Q

Pre tracheal fasica surrounds ?

A

Visceral compartment

  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • thyroid gland
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8
Q

Pre-vertebral fasica surrounds ?

A

Vertebral column including cervical nerves
Pre and post vetebral muscles

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9
Q

Carotid sheath surrounds?

A

Vascular compartment

  • Central carotid artery
  • Internal CA
  • part of the external CA
  • Internal JV
  • CNX
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10
Q

3 fascial spaces in the neck

A

Pre tracheal

Retropharyngeal

Fascial space within the pre vertebral layer

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11
Q

At what spinal level does the hyoid bone line?

A

C3

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12
Q

At what spinal level does the bifurcation of the carotid artery lie?

A

C3/4

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13
Q

Main action of the suprahyoid muscles

A

effectors of swallowing

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14
Q

Main action of the infrahyoid muscles

A

laryngeal depressors

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15
Q

Horizontally how does the thyroid extend (from -> to)

A

Thyroid cartilage -> 5th tracheal ring

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16
Q

L + R sternocleidomastoid work together to produce which movement?

A

Draw the head forward

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17
Q

On it’s own the sternocleidomastoid does what movement?

A

Rotation of the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head.

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18
Q

Names of the cervical ganglia that give sympathetic supply to the neck?

A

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

19
Q

Which artery does the L. common carotid originate from?

A

Direct branch from the aorta

20
Q

Which artery does the R. common carotid originate from?

A

Branch of the brachiocephalic trunk

21
Q

Where does the internal carotid have NO branches

A

The neck

22
Q

Where does the carotid sinus lie?

A

In the wall of the internal carotid artery

23
Q

What does the carotid sinus house?

A

Baroreceptors

24
Q

What does the carotid body house?

A

Chemoreceptors

25
Q

Ludwigs angina

A

bilateral infection of the floor of the mouth

Ludwig angina is life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. Ludwig angina involves 3 compartments of the floor of the mouth: sublingual, submental, and submandibular.

26
Q

Main actions of:

Postvertebral & Pre-vertebral muscles

A

extensor musculature

flexor musculature

27
Q

Attachments of anterior scalene

A

Originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6 and attaches onto the scalene tubercle (on the inner border of the first rib).

28
Q

Innervation of anterior scalene

A

Innervation: Anterior rami of C5-C6.

29
Q

Nerve roots of phrenic nerve

A

C3/4/5

30
Q

Course of the phrenic nerve

A

Lateral aspect of ant. scalaene, then travels down over anterior surface below the pre-vertebral layer of fascia

31
Q

Relationship of each phrenic nerve to the subclavian artery

A

Right - Passes anteriorly over the lateral part of the right subclavian artery.

Left - Passes anteriorly over the medial part of the left subclavian artery.

32
Q

Anatomical course of the R. recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (right side only) – Hooks underneath the right subclavian artery, then ascends towards to the larynx.

33
Q

Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node

Location

What does it drain

A

Under medial aspect of SCM

Drains the tongue - if enlarged could indicate carcinoma

34
Q

Infraclavicular needle approach for CVC

A

skin puncture 1 cm caudal to the junction of the medial- and middle-thirds of the clavicle

35
Q

Where does the subclavian artery lie at the root of the neck ?

A

Below the clavicle, behind the anterior scalene muscle

36
Q

Buccinator:

Action

Innervation

A

Press cheeks against teeth, compressed distended cheeks, assist in smiling

Buccal branches of the facial nerve

37
Q

Facial nerve branches

A

Two
Zebras
Befriend
My
Cat

38
Q

Where do the facial muscles that move the lips integrate

A

At the modiolus

39
Q

Obicularis oris:

Action

Innervation

A

Close and or protrude the lips

Buccal branches of VII

40
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

41
Q

2 branches of the facial nerve that exit prior to it entering the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular and the digastric

42
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

Action

Innervation

A

Actions:
Palpebral part – gently closes the eyelids.
Lacrimal part – involved in the drainage of tears.
Orbital part – tightly closes the eyelids.

Innervation – Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

43
Q

Dermatomes of H&N

A
44
Q

Lacrimal nerve sensory supply to

A

Lacrimal gland
Skin of lateral and upper eyelid
+ forehead

Anatomy MRCEM part 1 (7 decks)

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