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Anatomy Exam 2 > Head And Neck > Flashcards

Head And Neck Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 8 bones of the viscerocranium?

A

Mandible, maxilla, zygoma, volmer, lacrima, nasal, palatine, inferior nasal concha

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1
Q

What are the 6 bones of the neurocranium?

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

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2
Q

Bones of the calvaria are made by what process? What is the calvaria?

A

Calvaria is the skull (frontal, occipital and parietal bones). It’s formed by intramembranous ossification.

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3
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Soft spots, membrane covered areas of the skull where sutures form

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4
Q

When do fontanelles usually disappear?

A

At 7-19 months

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5
Q

What do bulging fontanelles usually indicate?

A

Increase cranial pressure

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6
Q

What comprises the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal bone, crista galli and cribiform plate of ethmoid, lesser wings of sphenoid

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7
Q

What 2 structures does the anterior cranial fossa hold?

A

The frontal lobe and cranial nerve 1 (CN I)

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8
Q

What structures make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

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9
Q

What three structures are within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Occipital lobe, cerebellum and the brainstem

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10
Q

What four ‘holes’ can be found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal

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11
Q

What two bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid and temporal bones

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12
Q

What 9 structures are within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sella tursica, chiasmic groove, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinsosum, foramen lacerum, cavernous sinus

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13
Q

What 6 things reside within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Pituitary, optic chasm, optic nerve, internal carotid artery, cranial nerves (3,4, V1, V2, 6) and the temporal lobe.

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14
Q

What 5 nerves are within the middle cranial fossa?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

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15
Q

What are the five sinuses?

A

Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary, frontal, temporal

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16
Q

1/5 of facial injuries involve which bone?

A

The mandible

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17
Q

What type of joint are the teeth?

A

Gomphosis joints

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18
Q

What structures on the mandible hold the teeth?

A

Alveolar processes

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19
Q

What nerve innervated the gums/teeth?

A

Alveolar nerve

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20
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

A synovial joint

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21
Q

The condylar portion of the mandible articulates with what structures?

A

Mandibular fossa and the articular eminence of the temporal bone.

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22
Q

Does the temporomandibular joint have a meniscus?

A

Yes- an articular disc of cartilage

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23
Q

What nerve innervated the TMJ?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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24
Q

The hyoid bone is suspended from what structure by what ligament?

A

Suspended from the styloid process by the stylohyoid ligament

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25
Q

What five structures are on the hyoid bone?

A

Body, 2 greater and 2 lesser cornua (spines)

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26
Q

Muscles attaching to the hyoid bone are responsible for what?

A

Speech and swallowing

27
Q

What 7 nones make up the orbit?

A

Lacrimal, zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, greater wing of sphenoid, palatine, maxillary

28
Q

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is lined with what 3 structures?

A

The superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae (turbinates)

29
Q

The superior and middle conchae are from which bone? What bone is the inferior concha from?

A

Sup and middle: ethmoid bone; inferior is an individual bone

30
Q

The nasal septum consists of what 3 structures?

A

The volmer, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and cartilage

31
Q

What are two functions of the conchae and their mucosa?

A

Immune function and warming the air

32
Q

What are the four sutures of the skull?

A

Coronal, Sagittal, lamboidal, squamosal

33
Q

Which suture is between the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

34
Q

Which suture is between the parietal bones?

A

Sagittal suture

35
Q

Which suture is between the parietal and occiput?

A

Lamboidal suture

36
Q

Which suture is between parietal and temporal bones?

A

Squamosal suture

37
Q

What is the bregma?

A

The junction of the coronal and Sagittal sutures

38
Q

What is the lamda?

A

The junction of the Sagittal and lambdoidal sutures

39
Q

What is the pterion?

A

The junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

40
Q

What are the two sphincter muscles?

A

Orbicularis oculi and Orbicularis Oris

41
Q

The two sphincter muscles are innervated by which nerve?

A

The Facial Nerve, CN VII

42
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication and what nerve innervates them?

A

Temporalis, Masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid. Innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

43
Q

What does the Masseter muscled do? What nerve innervates it?

A

Elevation and protraction of the jaw. Innervated by CN V (trigeminal nerve)

44
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do and what nerve innervates it?

A

Elevates and retracts the jaw. Innervated by CN V (trigeminal n)

45
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid muscle do and what nerve innervates it?

A

Depress and protrude the jaw. Innervated by CN V (trigeminal n)

46
Q

What does the medial ptygoid muscle do and what innervates it?

A

Elevate and protrude the jaw, innervated by CN V, the trigeminal nerve

47
Q

What borders the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM, inferior border of the mandible, anterior midline of the neck

48
Q

What borders the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM, clavicle, trapezius

49
Q

What are the 7 muscles of speech/deglutition?

A

Digastric, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, cricothyroid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

50
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric m?

A

The trigeminal n (CN V)

51
Q

What innervates the posterior digastric m?

A

Facial nerve

52
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid m?

A

Trigeminal nerve

53
Q

What innervates the sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

54
Q

What innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Vagus nerve

55
Q

What innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

CN 1 via the hypoglossal nerve

56
Q

Facial nerve CN VII exits the skull via what foramen?

A

The stylomastoid foramen

57
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve CN VII?

A

Buccal, temporal, mandibular, zygomatic and cervical

58
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the facial muscles?

A

The Facial Nerve CN VII

59
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the face?

A

The trigeminal nerve CN V

60
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve CN V?

A

Ophthalmic division V1, Maxillary division V2, Mandibular division V3

61
Q

Where is the facial artery? What artery does it branch from?

A

Comes underneath the mandible to the medial face. Branches from the external carotid artery

62
Q

Where is the superficial temporal artery? What artery does it branch from?

A

Ascends posterior to the mandible but anterior to the ear. Branches from the external carotid artery

63
Q

What vein does the facial vein drain into?

A

The jugular vein

64
Q

What is a possible route of infection from the face to the cranial dural sinus?

A

The facial vein communicates with the deeper superior ophthalmic vein, which is in the cavernous sinus

Anatomy Exam 2 (5 decks)

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