Head and neck cancer Flashcards
1
Q
What type of cancer are they usually?
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Presentation
A
Throat lump
Sore throat and odynophagia
Dysarhria and dysphonia
Earache
Cough
Leukoplakia - Hairy leukoplakia is non-malignant type caused by EBV in HIV patients
Weight loss
Epitaxis
Cervical lymphadenopathy - common sight of spread
3
Q
Risk factors:
UV-HEAD for SCC:
A
UV light - lip cancer
HPV - oropharyngeal cancer
EBV - Nasopharyngeal cancer
Alcohol
Having a drag (i.e smoking, especially oral and laryngeal cancer
4
Q
Investigations
A
Nasopharyngoscopy
Tissue biopsy and/or FNA of lymph nodes for diagnosis
CT, MRI and/or PET for staging
5
Q
Management
A
Radiotherapy
Surgery +/- adjuvant chemotherapy
