Head & Neck

Question 1

Tonsillar, Submandibular and submental lymph nodes drain what portions

Answer 1

Drain the mouth, throat and the face

Question 2

Hyporthyroidism

Answer 2

Intolerance to cold, weight gain, dry skin and slowed heart rate, low pitched speech, sometimes yellowish skin from carotene with non-pitting myxedema and loss of hair. Underactive thyroid. Subclinically associated with increased risk of CV disease

Question 3

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 3

Intolerance to heat, weight loss, moist velvety skin, and palpitations, fine hair. Overactive thyroid. Sub clinically associated with CV mortality, afib, and decreased bone density

Question 4

Enlargement of the supraclavicular nodes: especially on left (Virchow’s Node)

Answer 4

Suggests possible metastasis from a thoracic or an abdominal malignancy

Question 5

Shotty lymph nodes

Answer 5

Small, mobile, discrete, non-tender nodes. Frequently found in normal people

Question 6

Fixed to underlying structures and not moveable on palpation (Lymph node)-Hard and fixed

Answer 6

Suggests malignancy

Question 7

Tender nodes

Answer 7

Suggest inflammation

Question 8

Goiter

Answer 8

Enlargement of the thyroid gland to twice its normal size

Question 9

Graves disease

Answer 9

Thyroid is soft and may be nodular. Immune system disorder. Results in overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). More common in women over 40. S/s-anxiety, hand tremors, enlarged thyroid, weight loss, heat sensitivity, puffy eyes or thyroid.

Question 10

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Answer 10

Thyroid is firm (though not always uniformly) and malignancy. Autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid
Characterized by: weight gain, brittle hair, tiredness, colder than normal

Question 11

Risk factors for hypothyroidism

Answer 11

Autoimmune thyroiditis, older age, Caucasian, dm1, down syndrome, family hx, goiter, external beam radiation to head or neck, female, low iodine intake, medications (amiodarone)

Question 12

High level of TSH

Answer 12

Could indicate hypothyroidism. Above 5.0 mU/L

Question 13

Low TSH

Answer 13

Indicates overactive thyroid-hyperthyroidism. TSH below 0.5 mU/L

Question 14

Virchow’s Node

Answer 14

Enlargement of supraclavicular node on the left: Suggests metastasis from a thoracic or an abdominal malignancy

Question 15

Hirsutism

Answer 15

Excessive facial hair: may see in PCOS

Question 16

Risk factors for hypothyroidism

Answer 16

autoimmune thyroiditis, older age, Caucasian, type 1 DM, Down syndrome, goiter, external beam radiation to the head and neck area and family hx

Question 17

Risk factors for hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

female, older age, african ancestry, low iodine intake, family hx, and medications (amioderone)

Question 18

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 18

Increased adrenal cortisol production which produces “moon face” with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth around mustache, sideburn areas, chin as well as chest and abdomen and thighs

Question 19

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

Glomerular disease causes excesses albumin excretion, which reduces intravascular coilloid osmotic pressure causing hypovolemia, then sodium and water retention.
-Face becomes edematous and often pale. Swelling usually first shows around eyes in morning. When severe eyes become appear slit like

Question 20

Acromegaly

Answer 20

The increased growth hormone of acromegaly produces enlargement of both bone and soft tissues. Head elongated as well as nose, lips and ears.

Question 21

Parkinson’s disease facies

Answer 21

Linked to loss of neurotransmitter dopamine. Decreased facial mobility and masklike facies, with decreased blinking and a characteristic stare. Neck and upper trunk tend to flex forward, drooling may occur