Health Promotion & Risk Reduction

Question 1

Health Promotion

Answer 1

• …any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, & environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conductive to health (Green & Kreuter, 1991)
• …that which is motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to reach the best possible health potential (Parse, 1990)

Question 2

Health Protection

Answer 2

• …those behaviors in which one engages with the specific intent to prevent disease, to detect disease in the early stages, or maximize health within the constraints of disease (Parse, 1990)

Question 3

Determinants of Health - Biology

Answer 3

• Individual’s genetic makeup, family hx, and any physical & mental hlth problems developed in the course of life
  > Aging
  > diet
  > physical activity
  > smoking
  > stress
  > alcohol
  > drug abuse
  > injury
  > violence
  > a toxic or infectious agent may produce illness or disability, changing an individual’s biology

Question 4

Determinants of Health - Behaviors

Answer 4

• Individual’s responses to internal stimuli & external conditions
• Interact w/ biology in a common relationship as one may influence the other

Question 5

Determinants of Health - Social Environment

Answer 5

• Includes interactions & relationships w/ family, friends, coworkers, & others in the community
• Social institutions (law enforcement, faith communities, schools, gov’t agencies)
• Housing, safety, public transportation, and availability of resources

Question 6

Determinants of Health - Physical Environment

Answer 6

• What is experienced w/ the senses; what is smelled, seen, touched, heard, & tasted
• Can impact hlth negatively or positively

Question 7

Determinants of Health - Policies & Interventions

Answer 7

• Can have a profound effect on the hlth of individuals, groups, & communities
• Ex of positive effects from policies: smoking in public places, seatbelt & child restraint laws, litter ordinances, & enhanced hlth care
• Are implanted at local, state, and national lvls by many agencies

Question 8

Determinants of Health - Access to Quality Health Care

Answer 8

Essential to decrease health disparities and to improve the quality of life and the quantity of years of healthy life