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NURS 2518 > Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what is conductive hearing loss? what is an example of what could cause this? how is this managed?

A
  • something in the outer or inner ear that is preventing sounds from getting into the inner ear
    ex. wax impaction –> kinda acts like an earplug
    ex. fluid from an ear infection
  • can be medically managed
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2
Q

what is sensorineural hearing loss? who experiences this?

A
  • loss in the inner ear
  • damage to hair cells in the ear
  • generally permanent
  • more associated with aging or noise exposure
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3
Q

what is the outer part of our ear called?

A
  • pinna or auricle
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4
Q

what is found at the end of the ear canal?

A
  • ear drum or tympanic membrane
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5
Q

what does the eardrum do

A
  • it vibrates in response to sound
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6
Q

what are the 3 small bones inside our body called?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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7
Q

what is the stapes

A
  • smallest bone

- it interfaces with our cochlea

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8
Q

what is the cochlea

A
  • inner ear
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9
Q

how does noise exposure cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • damages the cells in the inner ear

- once these cells are gone, theyre gone for good

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10
Q

what are characteristics of conductive hearing loss

A
  • physical blockage

- difficulty hearing low pitched tones

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11
Q

what is cerumen? how does this change with age

A
  • earwax

- get accumulation with age

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12
Q

how does the ear drum change with age

A
  • becomes stiffer and thinner
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13
Q

what are the ossicles? how do they change with age?

A
  • these are the 3 small bones in the ear (malleus, stapes, incus)
  • get calcification with age
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14
Q

how do the ear muscles change with age?

A
  • become weaker
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15
Q

how does sound movement change through the ear change with age?

A
  • diminished sound movement through the inner ear
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16
Q

how does the CNS change with age?

A
  • changes
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17
Q

what are nonmodifiable risk factors for hearing loss?

A
  • male
  • increased age
  • genetic predisposition
18
Q

what are risk factors for hearing loss that we can control?

A
  • exposure to noise
  • impacted cerumen
  • exposure to second hand smoke
  • use of ototoxic meds
  • education level
  • medical conditions
19
Q

which meds are ototoxic

A
  • ASA
  • NSAIDs
  • Lasix
  • aminoglycosides
20
Q

what medical conditions are risk factors for hearing loss

A
  • DM
  • HTM
  • CVD
  • head injury
21
Q

what are the functional consequences of hearing loss?

A
  • cognitive & physical decline
  • leads to faster changes in brain structure (not only structures associated with hearing but also memory & learning)
  • more likely to develop dementia (2x for mild, 5x for severe)
  • cause depression, loneliness, social isolation –> decreased quality of life
  • drop in IQ
  • decreased safety
22
Q

what are the 3 main dominos effects of hearing loss?

A
  • social isolation
  • more load on the brain
  • faster changes to brain structures (due to constant stress on brain)
23
Q

how does cerumen impaction cause hearing loss?

A
  • interferes with the conduction of sound through the air in the eardrum
24
Q

what is the most common cause of hearing loss?

A
  • cerumen impaction

- easily corrected

25
Q

what individuals are at a higher risk of impaction

A
  • individuals who wear hearing aids

- older men with large amounts of ear canal tragi (ear hair)

26
Q

what is presbycusis

A
  • loss of high frequency

- due to age-related changes

27
Q

what type of hearing loss is presbycusis

A
  • sensorineural
28
Q

are both ears or just one impacted by presbycusis

A
  • both ears affected
29
Q

what further aggravates presbycusis

A
  • background noise
30
Q

what does presbycusis cause

A
  • diminished speech discrimination
31
Q

what is tinnitus

A
  • perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimuli
32
Q

how else can you describe tinnitus

A
  • ringing of the ears
  • buzzing
  • whistling
  • bell sounds
  • pulsating humming
  • swishing
33
Q

what can cause tinnitus

A
  • symptom of underlying condition
34
Q

what underlying conditions can cause tinnitus

A
  • impacted cerumen
  • Meniere’s disease
  • traumatic brain injury
  • temporomandibular joint dysfunction
35
Q

what are risk factors for tinnitus

A
  • old age
  • increased exposure to noise
  • ototoxic meds
36
Q

what can improve the symptoms of tinnitus

A
  • hearing aids
37
Q

what can worsen symptoms of tinnitus

A
  • caffeine
  • smoking
  • alcohol
38
Q

describe the nursing assessment of hearing

A
  • identify risk factors
  • assess for awareness or presence of hearing loss
  • observe for behavioral cues
  • physical assessment
  • use a screening tool
39
Q

what is the nursing intervention for hearing wellness

A
  • risk factor awareness
  • education on ototoxic med
  • screen for hearing loss
  • promote cerumenolytics
  • refer to specialist
  • consider assistive listening devices
  • monitor proper hearing aid use
40
Q

how can nurses communicate with older adults who are hearing impaired?

A
  • stand or sit directly in front
  • speak towards good ear
  • speak slowly, clearly, use low tone
  • reduce background noise
  • use good lighting
  • match body language to what you are saying
  • one person speak at a time
  • ensure glasses & hearing aids are in place
  • do no shout

NURS 2518 (4 decks)

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