Heart - Surface Anatomy

Question 1

1. Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

• Middle mediastinum,
• Behind the sternum
• Lies within the pericardium

Question 2

2. Where do the great veins empty into the heart?

Answer 2

• Superior and inferior vena cava empty into the right atrium.
• Pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium.

Question 3

3. Name the surfaces of the heart.

Answer 3

• Sternocostal surface
• Diaphragmatic surface
• Apex of the heart
• Base of the heart
• Right pulmonary surface
• Left pulmonary surface.

Question 4

4. What remarkable grooves can be found on the surfaces of heart?

Answer 4

• Anterior interventricular groove
• Posterior interventricular sulcus
• Coronary sulcus

Question 5

5. Name the chambers of the heart.

Answer 5

• Left atrium
• Right atrium
• Left ventricle
• Right ventricle

Question 6

6. Which chamber of heart includes the sinus of venae cavae?

Answer 6

• Right atrium

Question 7

7. Name the fibrous skeleton of heart.

Answer 7

• Right fibrous trigone
• Left fibrous trigone
• Fibrous ring of aortic valve
• Fibrous ring of pulmonary valve
• Right atrioventricular ring
• Left atrioventricular ring
• Membranous part of the interventricular septum.
• Tendon of Todaro.

Fibrous rings is enough as an answer

Question 8

8. Which veins empty into the right atrium?

Answer 8

• Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava
• Coronary sinus
• Anterior cardiac veins of the right ventricle
• Veins of Thebesian
• Sometimes the right marginal vein

Question 9

9. Where are the pectinate muscles located?

Answer 9

• Left and right atrium proper

Question 10

10. At which orifice is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 10

• Right atrioventricular orifice

Question 11

11. At which orifice is the bicuspid valve located?

Answer 11

• Left atrioventricular orifice

Question 12

13. Where is the fossa ovalis located?

Answer 12

• In the right interatrial septum (small -oval depression) above orifice of inferior vena cava.

Question 13

16. Which are the major parts of the interventricular septum?

Answer 13

• Membranous part
• Muscular part

Question 14

18. Name the individual cusps of the tricuspid valve.

Answer 14

• Anterior, Posterior, and septal cusps

Question 15

17. Name the individual cusps of the bicuspid valve.

Answer 15

• Anterior cusp and posterior cusp

Question 16

19. Name the individual cusps of the pulmonary valve.

Answer 16

• Left, Right and Anterior semilunar cusps

Question 16

20. Name the individual cusps of the aortic valve.

Answer 16

• Left, Right and Posterior semilunar cusps

Question 17

28. Which layer of the cardiac wall forms the cusps?

Answer 17

• Endocardium (Double layer of it).

Question 18

45. In which chambers are the trabeculae carneae found?

Answer 18

• Right and left ventricles of the heart

Question 19

46. Derivative of which embryological item is found in the interatrial septum?

Answer 19

• Foramen ovale.

Question 20

47. Which part of the diaphragm holds the heart?

Answer 20

• Central tendon of the diaphragm.

Question 20

48. Which chamber of the heart is in contact with the oesophagus?

Answer 20

• Left atrium.

Question 20

49. Where is the auscultation point of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 20

• Left 5th intercostal space near the apex of the heart. (midclavicular)

Question 21

50. Name the contents of the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 21

• Esophagus (Cervical VI to Thoracic XI)
• Vagus nerves (CNX).
• Thoracic aorta and its branches.
• The azygos vein,
• Hemiazygos vein
• Accessory hemiazygos vein.
• Thoracic duct
• Sympathetic trunk, (Thoracic)
• Splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least).
• Posterior mediastinal lymph nodes along the sides of the aorta.

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