Hemeatology

Question 1

what is the function of blood?

Answer 1

delivers oxygen absorbed from the lungs and nutrients absorbed from the GI tract to cells for metabolism, transports waste products from cellular metabolism for excretion, balances coagulation mechanism, fights infection and protects against tissue injury

Question 2

what are the 4 blood components?

Answer 2

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 3

fluid-means of transportation

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

what does plasma contain?

Answer 4

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, clotting factors, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, lipids

Question 5

what is the function of an RBC?

Answer 5

absorbs oxygen from lungs, carries oxygen, and releases oxygen to body tissues

Question 6

makeup of RBC

Answer 6

consists of hemoglobin - contain iron

Question 7

function of WBC

Answer 7

fights infection and defends against fungus and parasites

Question 8

objective assessment of RBC

Answer 8

respiratory effort, oxygenation, mental status, color, pain

Question 9

objective assessment of WBC

Answer 9

fever, feelings of illness, elevated or decreased WBC count

Question 10

function of platelets

Answer 10

activates coagulation mechanism and maintains hemostasis

Question 11

objective assessment of platelets

Answer 11

signs of bleeding, coagulation studies

Question 12

blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow

Answer 12

hematopoiesis

Question 13

sites of hematopoiesis

Answer 13

adults: pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, sternum. children: all skeletal bones

Question 14

what does maturation require?

Answer 14

B12, folic acid, proteins, enzymes, and mineral

Question 15

RBC value

Answer 15

male: 4.7-6.1
female: 4.2-5.4

Question 16

Hgb value

Answer 16

male: 14-18
female: 12-16

Question 17

Hct value

Answer 17

male: 42-52
female: 37-47

Question 18

WBC value

Answer 18

5,000-10,000

Question 19

Platelet value

Answer 19

150,000-400,000

Question 20

performed for severe anemia, neutropenia, leukemia, & thrombocytopenia

Answer 20

bone marrow aspiration

Question 21

sites for bone marrow aspiration

Answer 21

sternum, iliac, crest, & tibia

Question 22

procedure of bone marrow aspiration

Answer 22

skin prepped and cleansed with beta dine, anesthetized, marrow aspiration needle inserted, stylet removed, bone marrow aspirated. pressure applied at site.

Question 23

dye injected between toes or fingers

Answer 23

lymphangiography

Question 24

manifestations of hypoxia, infection, and bleeding

Answer 24

SOB, tachycardia, fatigue, pallor, feer, chills, night sweats, flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, bruising, tarry stools, jaundice, pruritis.

Question 25

health history for hematologic disorders

Answer 25

inherited disorders, prolonged bleeding, occurrence of jaundice or anemia

Question 26

groups at risk for hematologic assessment

Answer 26

strict vegetarians, low income families, elderly, children

Question 27

low RBC, low Hgb/Hct

Answer 27

anemia

Question 28

possible causes of anemia

Answer 28

defective or impaired RBC production, hemolytic or resulting from RBC destruction, hemorrhagic or RBC loss

Question 29

impaired RBC production is caused by:

Answer 29

nutritional deficiency, chronic disease, marrow damage/suppression

Question 30

RBC destruction is caused by:

Answer 30

genetic link, drug induced, hypersplenism, autoimmune reaction, enzyme deficiency

Question 31

RBC loss is caused by:

Answer 31

trauma, menorrhagia, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 32

manifestations of anemia

Answer 32

SOB, tachycardia with minimal exertion, weakness, fatigue, pallor, dizziness, jaundice, red, sore tongue, hypotension, pica, depression, dementia

Question 33

complications of anemia

Answer 33

angina/heart failure/MI, paresthesias, confusion, injuries

Question 34

interventions for anemia

Answer 34

manage fatigue, encourage adequate nutrition, maintain optimal tissue perfusion, monitor for potential complications

Question 35

intake of iron is inadequate for Hgb production

Answer 35

iron deficiency anemia

Question 36

what is vitamin B12 required for?

Answer 36

DNA synthesis and normal nerve function

Question 37

excess of RBC

Answer 37

polycythemia