Hemopoietic/lymphoid Flashcards
Name three categories of anemia
Blood loss, hemolysis, decreased red cell production.
Two types of blood loss anemia
Traumatic and chronic. Traumatic is rapid loss of blood tremendous loss usually due to an accident. Chronic blood loss from G.I. disturbances or gynecological disturbances slow leading the body can compensate better. The critical factor in blood loss is how fast it happens.
Hemolytic anemia’s : name two defects.
Intrinsic defense: hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell disease.
Extrinsic effects: Erythroblastosis A.k.a. our Rh disease. Extrinsic also due to mechanical trauma.
Sickle cell anemia
describe types
Homozygous is worst form: referred to as sickle cell disease heterozygous is called sickle cell trait
8 percent of American blacks.
Crystal forms in the cell causes shape changes like a sickle.
In homozygous individuals more severe, shrinking spleen in youth. “Asplenic”
Erythroblastosis fetalis Rh factor
A.k.a. hemolytic disease of the newborn
Incompatibility of fetal and maternal cells; threat to fetus on second exposure to fetal cells; from antigens.
Name three causes of decreased red blood cell production:
Iron deficiency,
megaloblastic anemia,
aplastic anemia
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Most common form of nutritional deficiency. Caused by low intake of iron, Mal absorption, increased demands, blood loss. Results in mild anemia with small, pale RBCs. Develops slowly.
Megaloblastic anemias.
- Folate deficiency pool can be dietary commands.
- B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia): malabsorption, The results of autoimmune antibodies against G.I. Cells.
- Macrocytic anemia is result from impairment of DNA synthesis.
Aplastic anemia
Suppression of stem cells
Marrow failure and pancytopenia, platelets too
Caused by unknown (idiopathic)
Exposure to noon my myelotoxic (Chemotherapy) drugs
Post viral states
-affects all cell lines pancytopenia also have a fax on granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia-
White blood cell disorders
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia most commonly decreased granulocytes decrease in production or destruction.
Leukocytosis is usually reactive condition to inflammations.
White blood cell neoplasms
name three
“Acute” myelogenous leukemias
“chronic” myelogenous disorders
myelodysplastic syndromes
“Acute” myelogenous leukemias
Immature cells (blasts) accumulate bone marrow, ultimately circulate in peripheral blood, symptoms: fatigue and pallor, infections can be diagnosed with a blood test.
Chronic myelogenous disorders
- -hyperproliferation of neoplastic cells that can differentiate (past blasts),
- -chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with the genetic defect called Philadelphia chromosome.
- -Leukocytosis was immature cells but not all blasts. Slow onset symptoms: fatigue, weakness, Weight loss, then escalates.
- -polycythemia vera-panmyelosis-proliferation and all cell lines, symptoms from increased read to sell mass increased RBC, increased blood viscosity, thrombosis and infarctions.
Define anemia
Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Most common of blood disorders.
Lymphoid tissues name infection and name 2 reactive types
- -Effective mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus. Lymphadenitis, increased circulating lymphocytes many with atypical appearance. Does effect lymphocytes of the bone marrow as well.
- -reactive: enlarged lymph nodes lymphadenopathy. Enlarged germinal centers reactive lymph nodes are in neck.
