Hepato-Biliary Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the function’s of the liver?
A
- Protein synthesis
- Detoxification of the drugs and alcohol
- ## Metabolism of Carbohydrates and fats
2
Q
What is the cause of jaundice?
A
- Increased circulating bilirubin
3
Q
What is the pre-hepatic metabolism of bilirubin
A
- Breakdown of haemoglobin in spleen to create heam and globin
- Haem converted into bilirubin
- Release of bilirubin into circulation
4
Q
What is the hepatic metabolism of bilirubin
A
- Uptake of bilrubin by hepatocytes
- congugation of bilirubin in heptocytes
- Excretion of bilirubin into biliary system
5
Q
What is the post-hepatic metabolism of bilrubin
A
- Uptake of bilirubin in biliary system
- Breakdown of bilrubin in intestinal system
- Reabsorption of bilirubin from the entero-hepatic system
6
Q
What are the pre-hepatic causes of jaundice
A
- Increased breakdown of red blood cells (heamolsysis)
and haemoglobin
7
Q
What are the hepatic causes of jaundice?
A
- Cholestatis - accumulation of bile in the hepatocytes and bile caniculi
- Intra-hepatic duct obstruction
8
Q
What are the causes of cholestasis and what is it?
A
Accumulation of bile within the bile canniculi
- Viral
- Drug induced
- Alcohol induced
- Liver failure
- Drug induced
9
Q
What is intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction and what causes it?
A
Blockage of the bile ducts within the liver
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis is chronic liver disease leading to progressive cholestatis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Tumours of the liver
10
Q
What is a clinical finding of someone with primary sclerosing cholangitis
A
- Raised serum alkaline phosphorate
-
11
Q
What are the post-hepatic causes of jaundice?
A
- Extra-hepatic bile duct obstruction
- Gallstones
- Gallbladder disease, Acute/Chronic Cholecystitis
