Heredity Flash cards

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

different forms of a gene.

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the combination of genes for one or morevtraits.

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

an organisms apperance or other detectable.characteristic

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic.

Question 6

Dominant trait

Answer 6

In genetics, a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.

Question 7

Recessive Trait

Answer 7

In genetics, a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring.

Question 8

`Mitosis

Answer 8

the usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions

Question 10

identical twins

Answer 10

one of a pair of twins who develop from a single fertilized ovum and therefore have the same genotype, are of the same sex, and usually resemble each other closely.

Question 11

Fraternal twins

Answer 11

one of a pair of twins, not necessarily resembling each other, or of the same sex, that develop from two separately fertilized ova.

Question 12

Sex-linked disorder

Answer 12

a genetic disorder that is found on the x chromosome.

Question 13

Chromosome

Answer 13

any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Genetics. deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in a ladderlike arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine: the genetic information of DNA is encoded in the sequence of the bases and is transcribed as the strands unwind and replicate.
Compare base pair, gene, genetic code, RNA.

Question 16

DNA replication

Answer 16

DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance.

Question 17

Double helix

Answer 17

the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA.

Question 18

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 18

Found that the amount of Adenine equals the amount of thymine

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.

Question 20

Deletion

Answer 20

a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost.

Question 21

Insertion

Answer 21

addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping.

Question 22

Substitution

Answer 22

s the evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified.