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Clinical Gait > Hip During Gait > Flashcards

Hip During Gait Flashcards

1
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have at initial contact?

A
  • 30 degrees of hip flexion

- 20 degrees of thigh flexion

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2
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the pelvis have at initial contact in regards to tilting?

A

about 10 degrees of anterior tilt

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3
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the pelvis have during the whole gait cycle in regards to tilting?

A
  • very minimal

- only about 2-4 degrees of pelvic tilt

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4
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the ground reaction force in relation to the hip at initial contact?

A

anterior

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5
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque does the GRF make at the hip during initial contact?

A

external flexion torque

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6
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of internal torque is occurring at the hip during initial contact?

A

internal extension torque to counteract the external flexion torque

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7
Q

SAGITTAL: What hip muscles are working during initial contact?

A

ALL extensor muscles are working

-mainly gluetus max and adductor magnus

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8
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of initial contact?

A
  • limb positioning for step length

- limb stabilization

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9
Q

REVIEW: describe loading response…GO!

A
  • 0-10% of the gait cycle
  • start: initial contact
  • end: opposite toe off
  • functional significance: weight acceptance
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10
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during loading response?

A
  • hip doesn’t move during this phase

- hip stays in 30 degrees of flexion (20 degrees of thigh flexion)

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11
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip during loading response?

A

GRF is still anterior to the hip joint

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12
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque does the GRF make at the hip during loading response?

A

external flexion torque

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13
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of internal torque is occurring at the hip during loading response?

A

internal extension torque

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14
Q

SAGITTAL: What hip muscles are working during loading response and how are they working?

A
  • glut. max, adductor magnus, hamstrings

- all are working isometrically because there is no movement at the hip during this phase

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15
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of loading response at the hip?

A
  • hip stabilization
  • trunk posture maintained
  • shock absorption is still occurring
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16
Q

REVIEW: describe what is going on in mid stance…GO!

A
  • 10-30% of the gait cycle
  • start: opposite toe off
  • end: reference limb heel rise
  • functional significance: single limb support
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17
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during mid stance?

A
  • starts at 30 degrees of hip flexion
  • ends in 10 degrees of flexion (thigh is at 0)
  • overall movement is going into 20 degrees of extension
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18
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip joint at the end of mid stance?

A

posterior

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19
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque does the GRF create at the hip during mid stance?

A

external extension torque

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20
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of internal torque is occurring at the hip during mid stance?

A

internal flexion torque????

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21
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is there during mid stance?

A
  • the hip extensors work concentrically at the beginning of the phase because they are shortening
  • they stop working towards the end of the phase because the GRF goes posterior to the hip joint
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22
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of mid stance at the hip?

A
  • hip stability

- forward progression of head, arms, and trunk

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23
Q

SAGITTAL: What is providing hip stability during mid stance?

A

passive forces which includes the anterior hip joint capsule (counteracts the external extension torque) and the weight of the body wanting to put you into extension

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24
Q

REVIEW: describe what is going on in terminal stance…GO!

A
  • 30-50% of the gait cycle
  • start: reference heel rise
  • end: opposite initial contact
  • functional significance: single limb support
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25
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during terminal stance?

A
  • starts at 10 degrees of flexion
  • ends in 10 degrees of hip extension (20 degrees of thigh extension)
  • 20 degrees of total movement going into extension
  • this is maximal extension
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26
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip during terminal stance?

A

posterior

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27
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring during terminal stance?

A

external extension torque due to gravity activity acting on the weight of the body

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28
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is there during terminal stance?

A

anterior fibers of the tensor fascia lata (TFL) are working because the anterior capsule can’t handle that much extension

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29
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of terminal stance at the hip?

A
  • hip stability
  • forward progression
  • maximize contralateral step length (trailing limb posture)
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30
Q

REVIEW: describe what is going on in pre-swing…GO!

A
  • 50-60% of the gait cycle
  • start: opposite initial contact
  • end: reference toe off
  • functional significance: limb advancement
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31
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during pre swing?

A
  • starts at maximal extension (10 degrees of hip extension)
  • ends in 0 degrees of hip flexion (10 degrees of thigh extension)
  • total movement of 10 degrees going into flexion
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32
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip during pre swing?

A

GRF is still posterior but is decreases because you are getting ready for single limb support

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33
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring during pre swing?

A

external extension torque but it is decreasing because you are going into single limb support

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34
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is there during pre swing?

A
  • adductor longus: doesn’t help too much because gravity and what is going on at the ankle and knee does most of the work
  • rectus femoris: only in some patients
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35
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of pre swing at the hip?

A

limb advancement: hip flexion assists with knee flexion to advance the limb

36
Q

REVIEW: describe what is happening during initial swing…GO!!

A
  • 60-73% of the gait cycle
  • start: reference toe off
  • end: feet adjacent
  • functional significance: limb advancement
37
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during initial swing?

A
  • starts at 0 degrees of hip flexion

- ends in 25 degrees of hip flexion (15 degrees of thigh flexion)

38
Q

SAGITTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip joint during initial swing?

A

there is no GRF because the foot is not on the ground

39
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip during initial swing?

A

there is only minor external torque due to the weight of the limb

40
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of internal torque is occurring at the hip during initial swing?

A

there is an internal flexion torque because you are going into flexion

41
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during initial swing?

A

iliacus, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus are all working concentrically because they are shortening and working against gravity

42
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of initial swing at the hip?

A

limb advancement

43
Q

REVIEW: describe what is happening during mid swing…GO!

A
  • 73-87% of the gait cycle
  • start: feet adjacent
  • end: tibia vertical
  • functional significance: limb advancement
44
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip have during mid swing?

A
  • starts at 25 degrees of hip flexion

- ends in 35 degrees of hip flexion (25 degrees of thigh flexion)

45
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of torque demand is there at the hip during mid swing?

A
  • external FLEXION torque due to tibial advancement

- this is called interaction torque

46
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during mid swing?

A

hamstrings are working eccentrically to control the hip flexion and knee extension

47
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of mid swing at the hip?

A
  • forward progression (via swing limb momentum)
  • foot clearance
  • eccentric muscle activity to get us ready to position the limb for the next phase
48
Q

REVIEW: describe what is happening during terminal swing…GO!!

A
  • 87-100% of the gait cycle
  • start: tibia vertical
  • end: initial contact
  • functional significance: limb advancement
49
Q

SAGITTAL: How much ROM does the hip get during terminal swing?

A
  • starts at 35 degrees of hip flexion
  • ends at 30 degrees of hip flexion (20 degrees of thigh flexion)
  • total of 5 degrees of extension
50
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of torque demand is there at the hip during terminal stance?

A

the external flexion torque decreases to 0 so there isn’t an external torque

51
Q

SAGITTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during terminal swing?

A
  • hamstrings will continue to decelerate the hip and limb
  • hip extensors
  • hip abductors
  • all of these are kicking in to stabilize the leg for initial contact
52
Q

SAGITTAL: What is the functional significance of terminal swing at the hip?

A

limb positioned for initial contact

53
Q

FRONTAL: How much ROM does the hip have at initial contact?

A

hip is in neutral or slight adduction

54
Q

FRONTAL: Where is the GRF in relation to the hip joint during initial contact?

A

GRF is medial to the hip

55
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of external torque demands does the GRF create at the hip during initial contact?

A

external adduction torque

56
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip at initial contact?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus maximus
  • TFL a little bit
  • abductors have to work eccentrically to control the adduction
57
Q

FRONTAL: What is the functional significance of initial contact at the hip?

A

stability during weight acceptance

58
Q

FRONTAL: How much ROM does the hip have from 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A
  • starts in neutral
  • ends in about 5 degrees of hip adduction
  • during this time, the pelvis drops on the non-weightbearing side
59
Q

FRONTAL: Where is the GRF relative to the hip joint from 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A

GRF is still medial to the hip

60
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip during 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A

external adduction torque

61
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of internal torque is need at the hip during 0-20% of the gait cycle to counteract the external torque?

A

internal abduction torque

62
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A
  • hip abductors are working eccentrically

- these muscles are working really hard during this phase

63
Q

FRONTAL: What is the functional significance of 0-20% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A

limb stability during weight acceptance and single limb support

64
Q

FRONTAL: How much ROM does the hip have from 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A
  • starts in 5 degrees of adduction
  • ends in 5 degrees of abduction
  • total motion is 10 degrees
65
Q

Where is the movement in the frontal plane at the hip coming from?

A

pelvis and not the femur

-it is the elevation of the contralateral pelvis that contributes to the movement in the frontal plane)

66
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip during 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A

external adduction torque because the GRF is still medial to the hip joint

67
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of internal torque is needed at the hip during 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A

internal abduction torque

68
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A
  • 20-50%: hip abductors are working concentrically

- 50-60%: ipsilateral hip adductors and contralateral abductors

69
Q

FRONTAL: What is the functional significance of 20-60% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A
  • limb stability during single limb support

- weight transfer

70
Q

FRONTAL: How much ROM does the hip have from 60-100% of the gait cycle?

A
  • starts at 5 degrees of abduction
  • ends at neutral (goes back to starting point)
  • motion is in adduction
71
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip during 60-100% of the gait cycle?

A

this is negligible

-body segment weight acts as external torque

72
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of muscle activity occurs at the hip during initial swing?

A

hip flexors/adductors

-iliacus, gracilis, adductor longus

73
Q

FRONTAL: What kind of muscle activity occurs at the hip during terminal swing?

A

abductors at the end of this phase

-these start working because they are needed at initial contact

74
Q

FRONTAL: What is the functional significance of 60-100% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A

limb positioned for initial contact

75
Q

Where is the GRF in relation to the hip in the frontal plane throughout the whole gait cycle?

A

medial

76
Q

TRANSVERSE: How much ROM does the hip have from 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A
  • pelvis is in 5 degrees of forward rotation (right pelvis is anterior to the left if the right is the reference limb)
  • femur is in medial rotation
  • net hip joint medial rotation
77
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip during 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A

external medial rotation

78
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during 0-20% of the gait cycle?

A

hip lateral rotators are working eccentrically because they are lengthening

79
Q

TRANSVERSE: What is the functional significance of 0-20% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A
  • shock absorption

- limb stabilization

80
Q

TRANSVERSE: How much ROM does the hip have from 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A
  • pelvis starts in 5 degrees of forward rotation and ends in 5 degrees of backward rotation (10 degrees of motion)
  • femur laterally rotates
  • net hip joint medial rotation (pelvis motion is moving more than the femur)
81
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of external torque is occurring at the hip from 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A

external lateral rotation torque

82
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip from 20-60% of the gait cycle?

A

hip medial rotators are working but don’t know how

83
Q

TRANSVERSE: What is the functional significance of 20-60% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A

contralateral limb advancement

84
Q

TRANSVERSE: How much ROM occurs at the hip during 60-100% of the gait cycle?

A
  • pelvis starts in 5 degrees of backward rotation and ends in 5 degrees of forward rotation (10 degrees of total motion)
  • femur medially rotates
  • net hip joint lateral rotation
85
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of torque is occurring at the hip during 60-100% of the gait cycle?

A

none/negligible

86
Q

TRANSVERSE: What kind of muscle activity is occurring at the hip during 60-100% of the gait cycle?

A

hip flexors and adductors; not really sure how they are working

87
Q

TRANSVERSE: What is the functional significance of 60-100% of the gait cycle at the hip?

A

limb position for initial contact

Clinical Gait (2 decks)

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