Hip Joints and Ligaments

Question 1

Hip Joint

Answer 1

Articulation: rounded head of femur articulates with cup-like acetabulum of hip bone

Has labrum (acetabular labrum), which deepens socket and improves stability of articulation

Movemens: flex/extend, abd/add, rotation, circumduction

Question 2

Iliofemoral Ligament

Answer 2

Attaches to anterior iliac spine and rim of acetabulum; then crosses over hip joint to attach to intertrochanteric line

Standing: ligament twists femur into acetabulum

Important in preventing hyperextension in standing as well as preventing excessive lateral rotation

Question 3

Pubofemoral Ligament

Answer 3

Attaches to upper part of superior pubic ramus, crosses hip joint, and blends into iliofemoral ligament and fibrous capsule

Assists iliofemoral ligament in preventing hyperextension and also prevents hyperabduction

Question 4

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Answer 4

Attaches to ischial part of acetabular rim, crosses over joint traveling superiorly and laterally and inserts on neck of femur and greater trochanter

Prevents excessive medial rotation and posterior dislocation of head as occurs in hyperflexion

Question 5

Zona Orbicularis

Answer 5

Not actually a ligament, but thickening of joint capsule that runs circularly around head of femur and helps to stabilize joint posteriorly

Question 6

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

Answer 6

Bridges this gap running from the ischial part to the pubic part of the acetabulum

Helps to prevent inferior dislocation of the femur

Question 7

Ligament of Head of Femur

Answer 7

Attaches from base of transverse ligament in acetabulum to head of femur

Carries artery of head of femur, which supplies head of femur with blood

Question 8

Sacroiliac Joint

Answer 8

Strong weight bearing joint

2 articulations:

• Anterior joint b/w auricular surface of ilium and auricular surface of sacrum
• Posterior joint b/w sacral tuberosities on sacrum and iliac tuberosities on ilium

Type:

• Anterior: synovial plane
• Posterior: syndesmosis

Movement: limited to slight gliding and rotary movement as weight is transferred from axial skeleton to ilia and femurs in standing

Question 9

Anterior and Posterior Sacroiliac Ligaments

Answer 9

Helps to hold bones together

Question 10

Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligaments

Answer 10

Helps to hold bones together

Question 11

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Answer 11

Passes from posterior ilium and lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

Along with sacrospinous ligament, they both prevent superior and posterior rotation of sacrum as occurs with sudden increases in force or weight (as in high jumping or falling on buttock)

Question 12

Sacrospinous Ligament

Answer 12

Runs from lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine

Along with sacrotuberous ligament, they both prevent superior and posterior rotation of sacrum as occurs with sudden increases in force or weight (as in high jumping or falling on buttock)

Question 13

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 13

Articulation: symphyseal surfaces of pubic bones articulating with fibrocartilage disc

Type: Symphysis

Movement: very limited gliding movement

Ligaments: supported by superior and inferior pubic ligaments

Question 14

Femoral Triangle

Answer 14

Made up of inguinal ligament (base), adductor longus (medial border), and sartorius (lateral border)

Floor: iliopsoas and pectineus

Contents from lateral to medial: femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

Question 15

Adductor Canal

Answer 15

Narrow fascial tunnel in the thigh running from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus

Provides intermuscular passage through which the femoral vessels pass to reach the popliteal fossa and become popliteal vessels

Contents:

• Femoral artery and vein
• Saphenous nerve
• Nerve to vastus medialis

Borders:

• Anterior and lateral: Vastus medialis
• Posterior: Adductor longus and magnus
• Medial: Sartorius

Question 16

Femoral Sheath

Answer 16

Around femoral artery and vein

Allows femoral artery and vein to glide deep into inguinal ligament during movements of hip

Femoral canal exists b/w sheath and vein - allow vein room to expand when venous return from leg is increased