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Testing123 > histo heart vessels > Flashcards

histo heart vessels Flashcards

1
Q

endocardium

A
  1. endothelium: simple sq. epith
  2. subendothelial ct: fine + tight collagen fibers og f.blasts
    3.middle layer: elastic fibers, collagen, f.blast og SMOOTH MUSCLE
  3. subendocardial layer: collagen, elastic f, f.blast.
    og loose CT og adipose tissue með vessels and nerves
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2
Q

Epicardium

A
  1. simple sq mesothelium
  2. fibroelastic CT
  3. adipose tissue, with coronary vessels og nerves
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3
Q

cardiac skeleton

A

of dense ct

  • 4 fibrous rings around base of aorta, pulm artery and both av orifices
  • 2 fibr. trigones.. right one er ct bridge milli aortic valve and right av valve rings. Left one milli aortic valve og left av valve rings
  • av bundle/hiss thru right fibr. trigone
  • c. skeleton a milli atria og ventricles. At surf of heart is projected to coronary sulcus
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4
Q

heart valves and fibr. rings

A

heart valve core of ct, cov w endothelium, cont with endoth of the chambers
-they are duplicatures of endocardium inserted to fibr rings.

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5
Q

Arteries

A
  1. large or elastic
  2. medium or muscular
  3. small arteries or arterioles
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6
Q

Large(elastic) arteries

A
  1. tunica intima: simple endothelium, w supporting basement membrane with elastin rich collagen
  2. tunica media: very broad, with elastic fibers og collagen, few smooth m fibers
  3. tunica adventitia: various amount of collagen and elastin. Quite dense CT but changes to loose CT near periphery. HAS VASA VASORUM (large arteries need their own blood supply)
    -Internal elastic lamina: layer of elastic tissue forming outermost part of tunica intima. (seperating tunica intima from tunica media)
    it is a fenestrated elastic sheath, allows diffusion of nutrients to arterial wall
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7
Q

Medium (muscular) arteries

A
  1. tunica intima: endothelium
  2. tunica media: mest SMOOTH MUSCLE, en smá elastin og collagen
  3. tunica adventita: VERY BROAD. mest collagen og elastin

-the external elastic lamina milli tunica media og tunica adv. er reduced miðað við í elastic arteries.

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8
Q

Arterioles

A
  • regulate blood flow into capillary beds
    1. tunica intima: very thin endothelial layer mostly of collagen 3 and little elastin og gr. substance
  • fenestrated internal elastic lamina absent in small og terminal arterioles. Present in larger ones
    2. tunica media: Small ones single layer smooth muscle cells. Larger ones 2 til 3 layers smooth muscle cells.*
    3. tunica adventita: er scant, fibroelastic tissue, merges w surr. tissue
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9
Q

Capillary bed

A

arterioles give rise to metarterioles.

precapillary spinchter at junction of metarterioles and capillary regulate blood flow.

thoroughfare channel connects metarteriole to a venule. t.d intestine, liver, spleen

arteriovenous anastomosis er direct conn. milli small arteriole and small vein. t.d i skin

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10
Q

capillaries

A

terminal arterioles branch to form capillaries, sem conn. arterial and venous systems.
-single layer endothelium on thin basem. membrane of glycoprotein

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11
Q

Types of capillaries

A
  1. cont. capillaries: continous endothelium and cont. basal lamina. In muscle, lung, nervous tissue and exocrine glands
  2. fenestrated capillaries: with pores(fenestrea) with or without diaphragm.
    -endoth. cells w fenestrae and cont. basal lamina.
    In intestines and endocrine glands(w diaphragm)
    In renal glomerolus(w.out diaphragm)

3.discontinous (sinusoids)
endoth. cells w gaps and discont. basal lamina
In liver, spleen, adrenal and pit. gland

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12
Q

Capillary functions

A
  1. semiperm. barrier
  2. nonthrombogenic surf
  3. prostaglandins, serotonin (deactivates them)
  4. catabolize lipoproteins into triglyc. and fatty acids
  5. convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  6. release prostacyclins to inhibit aggregation of platelets
  7. promote fibrinolysis(prod. activators of plasminogens)
  8. binding sites for some clotting factors
  9. release tissue factors to initiate clotting response
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13
Q

Pericytes

A

vascular wall cells in basem. membr of microvessels (direct physical contact + paracrine signal)
-extend processes along capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules

-CNS pericytes uniquely staðsett in neurovascular unit between endoth. cells, astrocytes and neurons

function:

a. skel. muscle regeneration and fat formation
b. angiogenesis and survival of endoth. cells
c. blood brain barrier
d. blood flow.

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14
Q

veins

A
  1. small veins or venules
  2. medium veins
  3. large veins

sömu 3 lög.
tunica adventita er stærsta lagið
valves

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15
Q

lymp. vessels

A

thin walled, w valves

  1. endoth
  2. smooth muscle
  3. adventita binds them to surr. tissues
  • absorption of interstital fluid from tissues
  • lymph flows to larges lymph vessel in body thoracic duct and then to right/left subclavian veins
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16
Q

structure lymp. vessels

A
  • thinner walls then veins, but same tunicas
  • many valves (beaded apperance)
  • l.nodes at certain intervals
  • small openings milli endoth. cells for high permeability to large substances

-dural lymp. vessels drain CSF away from subarachnod space around brain

17
Q

Vagina/kolpos

A

ext from uterus to vaginal vestibule

  • directs down and anteriorly
  • antpost flattened. Um 8-10cm. rúmmál ca 2-3cm

Relations;

  • behind bladder and urethra
  • in front of rectum (conn to rectum w rectovaginal septum)
18
Q

Vagina, external description

A

*ant + post walls; ant wall shorter than post. wall

*Vaginal förnix:
upper p. of vagina surr. vaginal portion of cervix.
Subdivided into –>
-Ant.fornix
-Post. fornix(deeper); cov w peritoneum and sep. from rectum by rectouterine pouch
-Lateral parts

*Vaginal orifice: in vestibule, behind ext urethral orifice
(in virgins, partially enclosed by muc.fold-hymen)

19
Q

vaginal wall, structure and supply

A

1) mucous membrane; forms transverse ridges-Rugae
2) muscular coat; external longitudinal + internal circular smooth muscle
3) Tunica adventitia
4) Parakolpium: layer of areolar tissue, conn. vagina to urinary bladder, urethra and rectum.

Blood supply;
Uterine artery, Middle rectal A and internal pudendal A
-Venous drainage into uterovaginal plx

L drainage; internal iliac l.nodes and spf ingiunal l.nodes

Nerve supply; uterovaginal auton. plexus

20
Q

External female genital organs, pudendum-vulva

A

*Mons pubis:
Cutaneous eminence in front of pubic symphysis.
Composed of fatty tissue beneath skin at puberty
Skin is cov. w hair.

*Labia majora:
two cutaneous folds w fatty tissue.
ext from mons to perineal region.
They border the pudendal cleft and meet in ant+post commisure
Outer surf, pigmented + cov w hair
Inner surf, sebaceous glands
*Round ligg. of uterus terminates in labia majora

*Labia minora:
small folds, placed medially to labia majora
contain no fat!
anteriorly they are divided into 2portions::
-prepuce of clitoris and frenulum of clitoris
Posteriorly they meet in frenulum of labia minora
On outer surf, cov w skin (contain sebaceous glands)
On inner surf cov w mucosa
*Labia minora border the vestibule

21
Q

Vagina, vestibule og clitoris

A

Vestibule:
a space milli labia minora, lined w mucosa
contain minor vestibular glands
*Structures open into vestibule=
-ext. urethral orifice (in front of vaginal orifice)
-vaginal orifice
-ducts of vestibular glands

Clitoris:
a homolog of the penis, composed of:
1)crura of clitoris: att to pubis, cov w ischiocavernosus m.
-crura join to form–>body of clitoris
2) body of clitoris; sem terminates as glans of clitoris
3)glans of clitoris; cov w prepuce of clitoris

22
Q

external female gen.organs, bulb of vestibule og gr. vestibular glands

A

Bulb of vestibule; homolog of bulb of penis

  • úr 2 elongated masses of erectile tissue
  • placed on sides of vaginal vestibule
  • cov w bulbospongiosus m
  • anteriorly bulbs fuse to form commissure of bulbs

Greater vestibular glands/glands of bartholini;

  • Homolog to bulbourethral gland in male
  • each gland placed on outer surf of urogenital diaphragm
  • near dorsal p of bulb of vestibule
  • the duct opens into vestibule near vaginal orifce
23
Q

external female genital organs, supply

A

Blood supply;
Ant+post labial aa
dorsal clitoridis A
A of bulb of vestibule(br from internal+ext.pudendal aa)
-Accompanying veins, drained into int+ext pudendal veins

L.drainage; spf inguinal l.nodes

Nerve supply; pudendal Nerve-sensory

Testing123 (36 decks)

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