Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems relate to the circulatory system?

A
  1. The cardiovascular system (blood vascular system)

2. The lymphatic vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the majority of blood in the body found?

A

In the peripheral veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 basic layers on the blood vessels?

A
  1. Inner layer
  2. Middle layer
  3. Outer layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Inner layer of the blood vessel consist of?

A

Tunica intima, a single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells) support by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the middle layer of the blood vessel consist of?

A

Tunica media, made predominantly of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the outer layer of the blood vessel consist of?

A

Tunica adventitia, made of supporting connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What separates the tunica intima from the tunica media?

A

A layer of elastic tissue called the internal elastic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What separates the tunica media from the tunica adventitia?

A

A layer of elastic tissue called the external elastic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

The vascular supply that large vessels possess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are capillaries composed of?

A

Endothelial cells and a basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are arterioles composed of?

A

Only have one or two layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media and almost no adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Connective tissue cells that have contractile properties in capillaries. Found at intervals just outside the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous capillaries
  2. Fenestrated capillaries
  3. Sinosoidal or discontinuous capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

In muscle, connective tissue, lung, skin and nerve. The most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Mucosa of the gut, endocrine glands, glomeruli of the kidney. Have pores in the walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are sinusoidal/fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Liver, spleen and bone marrow.

Lack a basal lamina and have large gaps for macromolecules and sometimes cells to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What helps control the flow through the network of capillaries?

A

Precapillary sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where do capillaries networks drain into?

A

Post-capillary venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are post-capillary venules?

A

Endothelial cell-lined, and contain a thin layer of connective tissue and occasional pericytes

20
Q

What is a venule?

A

A post-capillary venule that has begun to acquire intermittent smooth muscle cells in a tunica media layer

21
Q

Describe the layers in a vein

A

Tunica intima
Relatively thin but continuous tunica media ( consisting of a few layers of smooth muscle)
Large veins e.g. vena cava have thick tunica adventitia

22
Q

What do most small to medium sized veins have?

A

Valves that are inward extensions of the tunica intima

23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart

A
  1. Endocardium - inner layer
  2. Myocardium - middle layer
  3. Epicardium - outer layer
24
Q

What does the endocardium do?

A

Lines the entire surface of the heart, including the valves

25
Q

Describe the structure of the endocardium

A 
Endothelium
Basal lamina
Thin layer of collagen fibres
Layer of deep denser connective tissue
Some areas there's a subendocardium of loose connective tissue containing small blood vessels and nerves and the branches of the impulse conducting system
26
Q

Describe the structure of the myocardium

A

Bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres

Individual muscle fibres surrounded by delicate, collagenous connective tissue with a rich network of capillaries

27
Q

What is the purpose of intercalated discs?

A

Found in the myocardium passing along fibres at irregular intervals
Aid to attach cells and allow spread of electrical activity

28
Q

Describe the structure of the epicardium

A

A single layer of flattened epithelium called mesothelium on the outer layer of the heart
Basal lamina
Fibroelastic connective tissue and in some places, adipose tissue

29
Q

What are the two parts of the pericardium?

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium

2. Serous pericardium

30
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardium

A

A sac of tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue

31
Q

What are the two types of serous pericardium?

A
  1. Parietal serous pericardium

2. Visceral serous pericardium

32
Q

Where is parietal serous pericardium found?

A

Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

33
Q

Where is the visceral serous pericardium found?

A

Covers the surface of the heart

34
Q

What is the serous pericardium composed of?

A

A layer of simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue

35
Q

What supports the valves and provides attachment for cardiac muscle fibres?

A

The fibrous ‘skeleton’ formed by thick bands of fibrous connective tissue around the heart valves, between the atria and between the ventricles

36
Q

Are there blood vessels in the heart valves?

A

No

37
Q

Describe the structure of heart valves

A

An outer endothelial layer with basal lamina
Layer of collagen and elastin fibres
Core of dense connective tissue, called the lamina fibres that is continuous with the fibrous skeleton

38
Q

What anchors the leaflets of the valves to the papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricle?

A

Collagenous strands called the chordae tendineae which merge with the lamina fibrosa

39
Q

What is the lamina fibrosa?

A

The core of the heart valves and is dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the fibrous skeleton of the heart

40
Q

What covers both sides of the heart valve?

A

Endothelium

41
Q

What are the 3 types of cardiac muscle cells?

A
  1. Contractile cells (99%)
  2. Pacemaker cells
  3. Conducting cells
42
Q

What do the Purkinje fibres do?

A

They distribute the excitatory activity such that ventricular contraction generally occurs from inferior to superior

43
Q

What does the lymph vascular system consist of?

A

Lymphatic vessels that drain tissue fluid, eventually returning it to veins in the base of the neck

44
Q

What is institial fluid (lymph) made of?

A

Ions, lipids, proteins and occasional cells

45
Q

What produces flow in the lymphatic vessels?

A

Hydrostatic pressure in the tissue and compression of the vessels by voluntary muscle, combined with valves in the vessels

Cardiovascular (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions