Histology

Question 1

state two functions of the ovary

Answer 1

production of oocytes through oogenesis

production of steroid hormones, progestogen and oestrogen

Question 2

what cell type makes up the medulla of the ovary

Answer 2

loose connective tissue, highly vascular structure

Question 3

describe the structure of the cortex

Answer 3

scattered ovarian follicles in the centre with dense connective tissue layers in the outer shell

Question 4

what are atretic follicles

Answer 4

follicles that begin their journey but do not complete it and undergo apoptosis

Question 5

what is the name of the first follicle in follicular development

Answer 5

primordial follicle - ooctye is contained within this

Question 6

what hormone secretion causes follicular development to occur

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

after the primordial follicle is formed, what is the next follicle and what is its cell type

Answer 7

primary follicle, cuboidal cells

Question 8

what type of follicle follows the primary follicle

Answer 8

late primary follicle

secondary follicle

Question 9

what does the theca interna cells of the follicle secrete

Answer 9

oestrogen

Question 10

what term describes the collection of follicles just before ovulation

Answer 10

Graafian follicle

Question 11

what happens just before ovulation to the Graafian follicle

Answer 11

undergoes meiosis 1
produces 2 ooctyes, of different sizes, secondary oocyte is similar to the primary oocyte and the other a tiny polar body

Question 12

what must occur for the secondary oocyte to complete the second phase of meiosis

Answer 12

fertilisation and after ovulation for it to become a mature oocyte

Question 13

what is the corpus luteum

Answer 13

collection of theca and granulosa cells secreting hormones, it is the remains of the follicle after ovulation when the oocyte has been released

Question 14

what is the function of the corpus luteum

Answer 14

prepares the uterus for implantation

Question 15

if implantation does not occur, what is the corpus luteum called

Answer 15

corpus albicans - white coloured connective tissue

Question 16

if implantation does occur, what is secreted to maintain the corpus luteum

Answer 16

placenta secreted HCG which maintains progesterone levels maintaining the pregnancy

Question 17

where is the site of fertilisation

Answer 17

ampulla

Question 18

where does implantation occur

Answer 18

uterus

Question 19

describe the cells that make up the ampulla

Answer 19

simple columnar epithelium and secretory cells

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 20

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Question 21

what cells make up the endometrium

Answer 21

tubular secretory glands embedded on a connective tissue stroma
inner lining of the uterus that is shed during menstruation

Question 22

what cells make up the myometrium

Answer 22

3 indistinct layers of smooth muscle combine with collagen and elastic tissue

Question 23

what cells make up the perimetrium

Answer 23

visceral covering of loose connective tissue, covered by mesothelium

Question 24

what is the stratum functionalis

Answer 24

area of endometrium that undergoes monthly growth, regeneration and loss

Question 25

what is the stratum basilis

Answer 25

area of endometrium closer to the myometrium that is reserve tissue that regenerates the stratum functionalis

Question 26

what are the three phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 26

menstrual phase - proliferative phase - secretory phase

Question 27

ovulation takes place between which 2 phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 27

between the proliferative and secretory phase

Question 28

what happens during the proliferative phase in the uterus

Answer 28

stratum basilis proliferates allowing glands and vasculature to grow
this increases the thickness of endometrium by reconstituting the stratum functionalis

Question 29

what happens during the secretory phase in the uterus

Answer 29

glands become coiled with corkscrew appearance

secrete glycogen

Question 30

what happens during the menstrual phase in the uterus

Answer 30

arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, causing tissue ischaemia
this causes tissue breakdown and leakage of blood

Question 31

describe the cell types at the transition zone of the cervix

Answer 31

transitions to simple columnar epithelium from stratified squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction

Question 32

how many layers of the vagina are there

Answer 32

4
stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria 
fibromuscular layer
adventitia

Question 33

what is the outer layer of the vagina made up of

Answer 33

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium - thicker during reproductive years