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PLE Reviewer - ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COPY > Histology of Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Histology of Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue group with the characteristics:

  • formed by epithelial cells
  • consists of cells closely adherent to one another
  • cells extremely cohesive
  • avascular
  • provided with basement membrane (BM) or a basal lamina
  • for covering or for glands
A

Epithelial tissue

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2
Q

The germ layer(s) from which epithelial tissue is derived

A

ALL THREE GERM LAYERS:

  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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3
Q

Germ layer from which the epidermis of the skin and the corneal epithelium derive

A

Ectoderm

Forms the epidermis, corneal epithelium, oral/anal canal lining, the CNS, and the neural crest derivatives

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4
Q

Germ layer from which the lining epithelium of the kidneys and reproductive tracts derive

A

Mesoderm

(Forms the renal epithelium, the lining epithelium of the reproductive tracts, the connective tissues (bones, cartilages, muscles), the CVS, blood, body cavity lining, and the urogenital system)

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5
Q

Germ layer from which the lining epithelium of the GIT and respiratory system forms

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

Class of epithelial tissue that functions as a “covering” - a membranous layer that covers the external/internal surfaces of the body

A

Surface epithetlium (of covering epithelium)

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7
Q

Type of surface epithelium lined by a single layer of cells

A

Simple epithelium

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8
Q

Type of simple epithelium described as a single layer of FLAT cells, and is well-adapted for exchange, lubrication, and filtration

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

Type of simple epithelium that’s found in the:

  • endothelium of the BV
  • mesothelium of body cavities
  • parietal layer of the Bowman capsule
  • alveoli of the lung
  • corneal endothelium
A

Simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Type of simple epithelium described as a single layer of CUBOIDAL cells, well-adapted for absorption

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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11
Q

Type of simple epithelium that’s found in the:

  • tubules of the kidneys
  • germinal epithelium of the ovaries
  • lining of the lens
A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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12
Q

Type of simple epithelium described as a single layer of TALL, COLUMNAR cells

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Type of simple epithelium that’s found in the:

- lining of the GIT up until the upper anal canal

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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14
Q

Vascularized connective tissue that serves as the source of nutrient to the avascular surface epithelium

A

Basement membrane (or basal lamina)

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15
Q

Type of surface epithelium lined by a several layers of cells, well-adapted for protective/barrier purposes

A

Stratified epithelium

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16
Q

Type of stratified epithelium made of several layers of FLAT cells

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Subtype of stratified squamous epithelium in which the cells undergo keratinization to develop a more tough, protective outer layer/structure; seen in the epidermis and its appendages

A

Cornified stratified squamous epithelium

18
Q

Subtype of stratified squamous epithelium that normally does not undergo keratinization, found lining the esophagus, vagina, anal canal, and the corneal epithelium

A

Non-cornified stratified squamous epithelium

19
Q

Type of surface epithelium that is a modification of the simple epithelium in which all cells adhere to the basal lamina, but not all of them reach to form an apical surface; cell shapes may vary, forming a “false stratification”, and the different cell types may have different structures: ciliated, stereo-ciliated, non-ciliated

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

20
Q

Special type of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inner surfaces of blood and lymphatic vessels

A

Endothelium

21
Q

Special type of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inner surfaces of the visceral organs

A

Mesothelium

22
Q

Special type of pseudostratified columnar epithelium that lines the respiratory tract, made up of an admixture of 3 types of cells (ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells, basal cells, and the mucin-secreting merocrine goblet cells)

A

Respiratory epithelium (or the pseudostratified columnar epitherlium with goblet cells)

23
Q

Type of surface epithelium that is a modification of the simple epithelium in which the number of cell layers vary with the functional state of the organ

A

Transitional epithelium

24
Q

Special type of transitional epithelium that lines the ureters, bladder, and urethra with characteristically thick layers of protective glycoproteins at its apical/luminal surface and a high elasticity

A

Urothelium (or uroepithelium)

25
Q

Class of epithelial tissue that is the main component of GLANDS

A

Glandular epithelium

26
Q

Type of gland (based on shape) that retains its shape throughout its length

A

Tubular gland

27
Q

Type of gland (based on shape) that has a sac-like secretory portion at/near the end of its length

A

Alveolar gland (or saccular gland)

28
Q

Type of gland formed by an aggregation of glandular epithelia that produces and secretes its secretions onto an epithelial surface via a duct

A

Exocrine gland

29
Q

Type of gland formed by an aggregation of glandular epithelia surrounded by a highly vascular environment that produces and secretes its secretions directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine gland

30
Q

Exocrine mechanism in which secretions of the cell are secreted via exocytosis, onto an epithelial surface

A

Merocrine

(Includes:

  • salivary glands
  • exocrine pancreatic glands
  • eccrine sweat glands [majority of skin])
31
Q

Exocrine mechanism in which secretions of the cell are secreted via the budding-off of the secretory cell, onto an epithelial surface

A

Apocrine

(Includes:

  • lactating mammary glands
  • apocrine sweat glands [axilla, perianal area]
  • ciliary glands of the eyelids
  • ceruminous glands of the ear)
32
Q

Exocrine mechanism in which secretions of the cell are secreted via the complete maturation and death/destruction of the secretory cell itself, becoming the secretory product released on an epithelial surface

A

Holocrine

(Includes:

  • sebaceous glands
  • Meibomian glands of the eyelids)
33
Q

Transformation of one tissue type to another

i.e.: In chronic irritation, stratified squamous epithelium may replace other epithelial cell types

A

Metaplasia

34
Q

A malignant neoplasm, an abnormal/uncontrolled growth, made up of surface epithelial cells; malignancy that arises from surface epithelia

A

Carcinoma

35
Q

A benign neoplasm, an abnormal/uncontrolled growth, arising from surface epithelial cells

A

Papilloma

36
Q

A benign neoplasm, an abnormal/uncontrolled growth, arising from glandular epithelial cells

A

Adenoma

37
Q

A malignant neoplasm, an abnormal/uncontrolled growth, made up of glandular epithelial cells; malignancy that arises from glandular epithelia

A

Adenocarcinoma

38
Q

Junctional complex found between adjacent epithelial cells especially in the GIT, blood-and-brain, CSF-and-brain, blood-and-testis; (responsible for barriers)

A

Zonula occludens or:

  • occluding junctions
  • tight junctions
39
Q

Junctional complex found between cardiac muscle (intercalated discs)

A

Zonula adherens

40
Q

Junctional complex found between stratified epithelium (such as the epidermis), maintaining close association of cells

A

Macula adherens or:

- desmosomes

41
Q

Junctional complex that utilizes a space for transfer of signals for communications; found between nerves, muscles-and-nerves, etc.

A

Nexus or:

  • gap junctions
  • synapse (if between neuron axon terminal and another neuron’s dendrite)
  • autapse (special synapse between neuron axon terminal and its own dendrite)
  • ephapse (if between nerve membrane to nerve membrane over a point of contact other than the synapse)

PLE Reviewer - ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COPY (11 decks)

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