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Lit: American > Historical Context > Flashcards

Historical Context Flashcards

1
Q

1776-1880s Jeffersonian

A

Agrarial Ideal

owning land + farming

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2
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

1760 to late 19th century

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3
Q

Torstan Weblen

A 
Conspicious Consumption (1899)
(status through display)
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4
Q

The Gilded Age

A

1870-1900s (AOI)

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5
Q

Mark Twain (1873)

A

The Gilded Age: a Tale of Today (AOI)

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6
Q

Wage growth of 60% between 1860 and

A

1890 (AOI)

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7
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Poverty ‘unfortunate but necessary’ (AOI)

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8
Q

William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism

A

‘A drunkard in the gutter is where he ought to be’ (AOI)

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9
Q

William Graham Sumner on Dreams

A

‘Men never cling to their dreams with such tenacity as at the moment when they are losing faith in them (AOI)

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10
Q

Hebert Spencer

A

All socialism involves slavery (AOI)

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11
Q

Title ‘Age of Innocence’

A

From a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds

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12
Q

‘God is Dead’

A

Freidich Nietzchie (Gatsby - Eckelberg)

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13
Q

American War of Independence

A

1775

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14
Q

American Declaration of Independence

A

1776 (TJ)

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15
Q

‘Life, liberty, and…’

A

‘the pursuit of happiness’

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16
Q

Hopalong Cassidy

A

1904 (cowboys)

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17
Q

Genocide of…

A

native Americans

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18
Q

Example of political corruption

A

Ulysses S. Grant in 1868

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19
Q

Industrial giants

A

Rockafeller Carniege & J.P Morgan

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20
Q

Rockefeller

A

Age of individual dead, industry leaders

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21
Q

De Leon

A

‘Central directing authority’ but the Government

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22
Q

Roaring Twenties Technological advancements

A

automobiles, radio, movies

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23
Q

Flappers

A

Short hair, economic/social freedom (Jordan)

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24
Q

What was there a New version of in the 1880s?

A

New Immigration from Poles, Italians, etc

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25
Q

What massacre’ kills many native Americans and marks the end of Native American resistance?

A

Wounded knee massacre

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26
Q

Which writer during the 1880s was conservative and naturalist?

A

John Muir

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27
Q

What literary movement was highly capitalist?

A

Individualism

28
Q

Who in the 1880s represented the triumph of individualism?

A

Thomas Edison

29
Q

Writers like who reconciled the new economy with old values of individualism?

A

Horatio Alger

30
Q

Who resented individualism and thought that organisation was more important?

A

Rockafelle

31
Q

In which decade was the second industrial revolution?

A

1880

32
Q

In which decade was the prominence of the skyscraper?

A

1880

33
Q

In which decade was there an economic panic?

A

1890

34
Q

In which decade were the industrial strikes?

A

1890s

35
Q

In which decade did the automobile begin to appear?

A

1890

36
Q

Which decade was called gay?

A

1890

37
Q

In which decade was the Ford Motor Company founded?

A

1900s

38
Q

In which decade was there a boom in Urban construction?

A

1900

39
Q

In which decade did the Suffragete movement succeed in getting women the vote?

A

1910

40
Q

In which decade did the USA become the biggest creditor in the world?

A

1910

41
Q

Which opera contains a deal with the devil?

A

Faust

42
Q

What did Henry James call Edith Wharton?

A

Pendulum Lady

43
Q

Which of Wharton’s novels deals with marriage, loneliness and divorce?

A

The Reckoning

44
Q

When did the frontier close?

A

1890

45
Q

Who came up with the concept of a ‘leisure class’ who participated only in hedonism?

A

Veblen

46
Q

Who argues that ‘radical innocence’ lay at the heart of 19th century society?

A

Daniel Joseph Singal

47
Q

The fictional failure of Beaufort’s bank is perhaps an illusion to what?

A

the panic of 1873

48
Q

Which book in 1920 gave Fitzgerald fame?

A

This side of paradise

49
Q

What did Gertrude Stein call the soldiers who came back from the war?

A

Lost Generation

50
Q

Where did Wharton experience the first world war first hand?

A

Paris

51
Q

What did Sinclair Lewis state about AOI, failing to see it’s irony?

A

best present[ed] the wholesome atmosphere of American life and the highest standard of American manners and manhood.

52
Q

What did Wharton get for her work in Paris?

A

French legion of honour

53
Q

Who presented New York as an impersonal machine-like city, with rootless people passing through it?

A

John Dos Passos

54
Q

What are some features of Naturalism?

A

Grim reality
Detached observation of characters
Nature indifferent to man
No free will / trapped by environment

55
Q

Which God of fertility and virginity is May linked to?

A

Diana

56
Q

What do Lilies of the Valley symbolise?

A

Purity and Innocence

57
Q

Who was a working class agricultural person?

A

Fitzgerald

58
Q

What is an example of Fitzgerald using romantic natural imagery?

A

he found what a grotesque thing a rose is and how raw the sunlight was upon the scarcely created grass.

59
Q

Which book did Tom Buchanan read that was racist?

A

The Rise of the Coloured Empires

60
Q

Who is said to be antisemitic?

A

Fitzgerald

61
Q

In a 1921 letter to Edmund Wilson, what racist thing did Fitzgerald say?

A

The negroid streak creeps northward to defile the Nordic race

62
Q

What did Fitzgerald say in response to his own racism?

A

“philistine, anti-socialistic, provincial and racially snobbish

63
Q

Who does Fitzgerald identify Wolfsheim with?

A

Arnold Rothstein, the gambler who fixed the 1919 World Series

64
Q

Who had huge parties at Great Neck, like Gatsby?

A

Fitzgerald

65
Q

Who was ‘Belasco’, which implies that Gatsby is only putting on a performance?

A

Theatrical producer

66
Q

Who does Belasco link to in AOI?

A

Faust

67
Q

What was Wharton interested in?

A

evolutionary theories and the newly developing field of anthropology

Lit: American (3 decks)

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