History Chapter 4 Test - Ancient Greece

Question 1

acropolis

Answer 1

highest and most fortified point within a Greek city state

Question 2

citizen

Answer 2

a native resident of a town or city

Question 3

monarchy

Answer 3

government in which a king or queen exercises central power

Question 4

aristocracy

Answer 4

government headed by a privileged minority or upper class

Question 5

oligarchy

Answer 5

government in which ruling power belongs to a few people

Question 6

democracy

Answer 6

government in which people hold ruling power

Question 7

tyrant

Answer 7

in ancient Greece, a ruler who gained power by force

Question 8

legislature

Answer 8

lawmaking body

Question 9

alliance

Answer 9

formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

Question 10

direct democracy

Answer 10

system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives

Question 11

stipend

Answer 11

a fixed salary given to public office holders

Question 12

jury

Answer 12

legal group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case

Question 13

ostracism

Answer 13

practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy

Question 14

philosopher

Answer 14

someone who seeks to understand and explain life; person who studies philosophy; “lovers of wisdom”

Question 15

logic

Answer 15

rational thinking

Question 16

rhetoric

Answer 16

art of skillful speaking

Question 17

tragedies

Answer 17

in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster

Question 18

assassination

Answer 18

murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons

Question 19

assimilate

Answer 19

absorb or adopt another culture

Question 20

Pisistratus

Answer 20

First dictator to take over Athens

One of the few great dictators of the time - helped economy, farmers, etc.

Question 21

Cleisthenes

Answer 21

Founder of democracy

Question 22

Pericles

Answer 22

Wise and skillful leader who led to a thriving economy and a more democratic government
Set up the government of the time

Athenian statesman who instituted direct democracy in Athens, increased population in government, provided salaries for government employees, and encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire

Question 23

Philip II

Answer 23

Built a powerful army with threats/bribes/conquer and allied with many Greek city states in the dream of conquering Persian empire

Was assassinated before he could achieve his dream - Alexander (son) took charge

Question 24

Alexander the Great

Answer 24

Phillip IIs son - used army and conquered land to go out and conquer most of the known world

Macedonian leader who conquered an empire stretching from Greece to India and encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire

Question 25

Socrates

Answer 25

Sought truth and self knowledge

Taught Plato

Question 26

Plato

Answer 26

Favored rule of philosopher king, wrote The Republic

Student of Socrates, taught Aristotle

Question 27

Aristotle

Answer 27

Promoted idea of the “golden mean”, wrote Politics

Question 28

Homer

Answer 28

Greek poet, wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 29

Herodotus

Answer 29

Historian, encouraged research in histories; wrote the Persian Wars

Question 30

Pythagoras

Answer 30

Developed the formula for the relationship among the sides of a right triangle known as the Pythagorean theorem

Question 31

Euclid

Answer 31

Developed the basis for modern geometry - wrote The Elements

Question 32

Trojan War

Answer 32

in Greek epic poems and myths, a 10 year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor

Question 33

Persian War

Answer 33

War between greek city states and Persia to halt the spread of the Persian empire - Ionian Greeks rebelled Persian rule with help from Athens
Won by Greek city states

The Greeks were united afterwards

Question 34

Peloponnesian War

Answer 34

Battle between Athens and Sparta (allies with Persia) for the resentment of Athenian domination and disagreement in a form of government

Greeks in and outside Athens didn’t like the idea of splitting into rival camps (allies - Delian League, enemies - peloponnesian league)

Athens faced geographical disadvantage and lost to Sparta and Persian allies

Question 35

Where have historians found information about the earliest Greek peoples, the Minoans?

Answer 35

They have found information in the writings, architecture, and art they have left behind

Walls of palaces had colorful walls that told stories about society (women had more rights then women in other civilizations)

Question 36

Know Homer’s two great epic poems, The Iliad (the story of the Trojan War) and the Odyssey (the story of the greek hero, Odysseus, and his journey home after the Trojan War)

Answer 36

Read above

Question 37

Know the geography of Greece and how it impacted the development of the people of the region

Answer 37

on the Balkan peninsula, mountains divide it into isolated valleys - NO BIG EMPIRES and Greeks had to build their own city-states without the influence of other ideas and practices of other societies

Sea was outside link to the world - harbors for ships on coast, Greeks expanded oversees

Question 38

Understand the structure of a city-state

Answer 38

Polis (greek city states) were built on two levels

1) top hill was acropolis
2) below group was the main city

populations were small, citizens felt responsible for much of the triumphs/defeats of city state, more connected to each other, men still held main political power

Question 39

Review what we discussed about life in Sparta vs. Athens, for both men and women (you should use both your notes and the handout Athenian vs Spartan Women)

Answer 39

SPARTA

• expected to produce healthy sons for the army
• had to obey the eldest man of their family
• had the right to inherit property and took on responsibilities such as running the family estate

ATHENS

• no share in political life, women must be guarded by men
• played significant role in religion
• worked entire household chores - never left home, lived secluded and rarely came in public

Question 40

Review your notes on the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. For each you should know who was involved, why they were fighting, and whether the Greeks were united or divided.

Answer 40

PERSIAN
-Greek city states and Persia
-Halt the spread of the Persian empire
-Greek city states 
UNITED

PELOPONNESIAN
-Athens and Sparta (spread to all of Greece)
-Resentment of Athenian domination and disagreement on form of government
-Sparta and allies
DIVIDED

Question 41

Be able to distinguish between very basic information describing Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. For example, what did each of these philosophers focus on and how did each of these men go about searching for truth?

Answer 41

SOCRATES

• was all about the questions - questioned people on the street about their lives (Socratic Method)
• sought truth and self-knowledge

PLATO
-believed best government would be ruled by a philosopher king, didn’t trust people government, philosophers could see past power and wealth to the good in people
(Realm of the Forms)

ARISTOTLE

• focus was on morality, goal is happiness
• believed in a single and virtuous ruler
• believed in ‘golden mean’ - moderation of behavior, actions etc. in balance

Question 42

What was the purpose of the Greek tragedies? From where did these plays originate?

Answer 42

evolved out of religious festivals and were performed outdoors and with little scenery - had elaborate costumes, masks, singing

plays were meant to show myths and legends in ways people could see and understand

Question 43

Why was Philip II able to conquer the Greeks so quickly and easily? Where else did he hope to conquer? Why was he unable to do so?

Answer 43

Philip II was able to conquer so quickly because he had built and incredibly strong army and used threats, force, and bribery to conquer new territory with help from allied city states

He wished to conquer Persian empire but was assassinated before he could achieve this dream

Question 44

Why was Alexander’s military campaign cut short?

Answer 44

His campaign was cut short because once he had reached northern India, his soldiers were exhausted and refused to go any farther east (had been out for 10 years with Alexander)

dies of sudden fever at age 32

Question 45

Review your notes on the legacy of Alexander. How did Alexander impact the people and the culture of Greece and Persia?

Answer 45

After Alex death, there was a vital new culture that emerged that blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian ideas - Hellenistic civilization

more cities - built more greek temples and more people came and assimilated Greek ideas and customs

Alexandria becomes home to almost 1 million people - encouraged work of scholars, built large museum for learning that was later burnt down

women were no longer restricted to homes, learned literacy, philosophy, poetry, royal women held considerable power

Question 46

Polis

Answer 46

a greek city-state