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Shaun > History Grade 5 Term 2 > Flashcards

History Grade 5 Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who hunted wild animals for meat

A

The San men

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2
Q

What did the San women do

A

gathered plants, roots, nuts and honey for food

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3
Q

The San were known as….

A

Hunter-gatherers

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4
Q

The Khoikhoi were known as…..

A

Herders

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5
Q

How did Historians learn about the San and the Khoikhoi?

A
  • Listening to stories
  • Studying objects that they made
  • Studying rock art that they painted
  • Reading books that have been written about them (They did not write the books)
  • Observing the lives of those who live in a similar way today.
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6
Q

What did the San women use to gather food?

A

Digging sticks

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7
Q

How long did women breastfeed their young for

A

4 years

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8
Q

Learning and understanding the way of life of people who lived long ago by observing people who still live in a similar way today is called….

A

ethnography

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9
Q

How did the San find water in the dry seasons?

A

Women dug holes in the sand to find water.

They also squeezed roots for moisture

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10
Q

Where did the San store water

A

In ostrich shells,

the hole was sealed with grass or a clay plug

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11
Q

The natural world of land, water, air and plants is called the….

A

environment

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12
Q

The San, who had no fixed home and move from place to place in search of food and water, were…

A

Nomadic

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13
Q

How did the San avoid jealousy and have a fair, equal way of life.

A

They shared everything

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14
Q

Which plant has a bitter taste, it stops hunger and thirst and the San chewed it when they went hunting?

A

Hoodia

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15
Q

Which plant did the San use to cure stomach aches

A

Buchu

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16
Q

Which plant did the San use the poisonous milky juice of to place on their arrow tips for hunting?

A

“Bushman’s Poison” or Euphorbia

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17
Q

What was the bow made from

A

a straight, tough, elastic branch

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18
Q

What was the bow string made from

A

rolled strips of sinew from the back muscles of the gemsbok

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19
Q

The most deadly of all San poisons came from…..

A

a small beetle

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20
Q

Why was the poison put behind the arrow point

A

Incase the hunter got scratched and accidentally touched the arrow point

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21
Q

What is stamina

A

Lasting energy and strength

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22
Q

Explain how The San would hunt for wild animals

A

The San were expert trackers and would sometimes follow an animal for days.
The poison from the arrow would slowly paralyse the animal. The hunters would follow the animal until it fell down.
They used sharp spears to finally kill the animals.
The part of the animal were the arrow was would be cut out and thrown away.
They would skin the animal and keep the skin.
Everyone would sing and dance around the fire and the meat was shared equally.

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23
Q

What did the San call their god

A

Kaggen

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24
Q

The San believed that Kaggen could turn into an…

A

Eland

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25
Q

To meet with Kaggen in the form of an Eland, the San would….

A

perform a trance dance at night around the fire

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26
Q

Who would perform the trance dance?

A

The San shaman

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27
Q

While in a trance, the San believed that the Shaman would be given….

A

the power to protect and heal everyone

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28
Q

How do we get information about the past?

A
  • People’s writing
  • Stories
  • pictures
  • objects
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29
Q

What colours are most often seen in San rock art

A

red, yellow, white and black

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30
Q

What did the San use to make paint brushes

A

feathers, hair and reeds

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31
Q

How did the San make red, orange and purple paint?

A

By heating iron that had rusted and grinding it into powder

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32
Q

What was used to hold the paint together?

A

Eland’s blood

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33
Q

What was white paint made from

A

clay

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34
Q

What are symbols of our identity as South Africans

A

The South African flag
The National Anthem
The Coat of Arms

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35
Q

The Coat of Arms: What language is the motto written in

A

Xan

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36
Q

The Coat of Arms: What does the motto mean

A

People who are different joined together

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37
Q

Name the pictures that appear in the South Africa Coat of Arms

A
  • The secretary bird
  • Elephant tusks
  • A spear and knobkierie
  • 2 San figures
  • Ears of Wheat
  • The Rising Sun
  • A Protea
  • A Shield
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38
Q

What inspired the figures on the Coat of Arms

A

The Linton art Panel

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39
Q

Where was the Linton Panel removed from

A

a Farm called Linton in the Eastern Cape

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40
Q

Where is the Linton Panel on display

A

The South African Museum in Cape Town

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41
Q

When would the Khoikhoi move around

A

As Summer changed to Winter, they would search for new, better grazing for their livestock

42
Q

Why would we say the Khoikhoi were pastoralists

A

They looked after livestock

43
Q

How dis the Khoikhoi transport their belongings

A

They used their animals to help carry belongings

44
Q

How else did the Khoikhoi get food, besides from their own livestock

A

by hunting and gathering

45
Q

Cattle were seen as…. (by the Khoikhoi)

A

a sign of wealth

46
Q

When did the Khoikhoi kill cattle

A

at religious ceremonies,
when children were born,
at a wedding,
when someone died

47
Q

what did the San and the Khoikhoi have in common

A
  • Men hunted for meat and women gathered food
  • They made tools from stone
  • They were nomadic
48
Q

Why was the relationship between the San and the Khoikhoi not always peaceful

A

There was competition over game
The big herds of game got smaller
The San sometimes stole cattle from the Khoikhoi

49
Q

Which groups are known as Khoisan

A

Over time, some San men married Khoi women and had their own livestock

50
Q

What was the language spoken by the first African farmers

A

Bantu languages

51
Q

What does the word Bantu mean

A

Ba means many

ntu means people

52
Q

What languages do Bantu include

A 
isiZulu
isiXhosa
Sesotho
Sepedi
Setswana
Xitsonga
Tshvenda
siSwati
isiNdebele
53
Q

When did farmers arrive in Southern Africa

A

250AD

54
Q

When did white people from Europe settle in South Africa

A

1652AD

55
Q

Why was it called the “Iron Age”

A

African farmers made tools made from iron

56
Q

What was different about the African farmers and the Khoisan

A

The farmers grew crops and were not nomadic, they settled in large groups.

57
Q

Where did the African farmers settle

A

Areas that had enough summer rainfall for their crops to grow, and the where the soil was fertile

58
Q

Who would decide where the head of a family would plant crops

A

The chief

59
Q

Each community would have communal land for….

A

grazing cattle and goats

60
Q

a Household was a smaller unit within a ….

A

homestead

61
Q

a husband or headsman would share his time with…

A

each of his wives within separate homesteads

62
Q

Farming with crops or animals is called….

A

agriculture

63
Q

when something is fertile it….

A

has the ability to produce lots of crops

64
Q

What were the most common crops

A

Millet and sorghum

65
Q

Looking after the crops was the work of the

A

women

66
Q

What did the younger men in farming communities do

A

Work hard in the fields
Look after livestock
hunt for food
fight battles if necessary

67
Q

What did the women and girls do in farming communities

A 
cook
brew beer
fetch wood and water
look after children
Work in fields, planting, weeding and harvesting
68
Q

What did the boy children do in farming communities

A

Helped the men with cattle and other animals

69
Q

What would families do if they needed help

A

They would organise a work party, they would provide food and beer for the helpers

70
Q

Why were chiefs considered very important

A

It was believed that they were closer than ordinary people to the ancestors and they looked after the people

71
Q

Where did people from the village meet?

A

The chief’s kgotla, (the chief’s homestead)

72
Q

Who would help the chief settle arguments

A

The older men were leaders that would help the chief settle arguments

73
Q

Wrongdoers would appear in court infront of the chief, if they were found guilty, what was their punishment

A

They would have to pay a fine in cattle

74
Q

How else would a chief obtain cattle

A

From raids on other chiefdoms

75
Q

What is a tall stone near the entrance to a chiefs kgotla a symbol of

A

a chiefs power, it shows the chief is as strong and firm as a rock

76
Q

Which cows were killed for meat and hide

A

Cattle that were past breeding age and could no longer produce milk

77
Q

What did the farmers do with the cattle hide

A

It was turned into leather that was worn by the men

78
Q

Why would some families be loyal to wealthy cattle farmers

A

Cattle would be loaned to poorer families for milk products

79
Q

What is lobola

A

a payment in cattle made by a bridegroom to the brides family before a wedding

80
Q

Why did men need wives

A

They would give him children and much needed labour

81
Q

What was used to make agricultural tools for chopping down trees and cultivating tools, as well as weapons

A

Iron and copper

82
Q

Where would the men get iron from

A

They would smelt it from a rock called ore in a furnace

83
Q

Who would reheat the lump of iron and hammer it into shapes of tools

A

The metal-smith

84
Q

Things such as tools, weapons, pottery, and buildings which were made by people and provide information about the past are called….

A

artefacts

85
Q

What were pots used for in the farming peoples lives

A

storing water, milk and food

cooking

86
Q

In the early 1960’s, a little boy found small pieces of broken clay under the ground in Lydenburg, Mmpumalanga, when archaelogists carefully put the pieces together, they turned out to be….

A

clay sculptures of human heads, known as the lydenburg Heads

87
Q

What was specularite and what was it used for

A

It is a mineral with a silvery colour and glistens in the light.
It would be placed on parts of the clay masks to glisten in ceremonies.

88
Q

What do archaelogist believe the clay mask heads were used for

A

Initiation ceremonies where teenagers would be accepted into communities as adults.
The heads were used to contact the ancestors in the spirit world.
The heads would be broken at the end of the ceremony and be buried

89
Q

What was good information about neighbouring villages valuable for

A

trading, as villages would trade with one another

90
Q

What did the different villages trade with each other

A

iron and copper tools, jewellery, other goods and cattle, animal furs and hides

91
Q

African farmers believed that when the body died….

A

the soul joined the spirit world as an ancestor

92
Q

Healers were chosen by the….

A

ancestors

93
Q

Healers were also called….

A

sangomas or nyangas

94
Q

Herbalist used __________ to treat patients

A

plant medicine

95
Q

Hunting provided__________

A

meat
ivory
fur
skin….. for trade

96
Q

_____________ was a symbol of power and could only be worn by chiefly families

A

ivory

97
Q

Ivory was made into…..

A

armbands and pendants

98
Q

____________ was a symbol of power and could only be worn by important men and chiefs

A

leopard fur

99
Q

The San traded skin and fur for…..

A

metal items

100
Q

How were elephants hunted

A

hundreds of men would dig a series of deep pits and herd the elephants towards the pits.
The elephants would fall into the pits and die or break their legs, where the hunters could easily kill the.

Shaun (12 decks)

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