Question 1

What are main points for The First five Year Plan (1953-57)? 4 ( 4 + 5 + 3 + 3 )

Accepted Answer

Introductory Sentence Drawing on his experiences during a 1949 trip to Moscow, Mao embraced the Soviet ‘five year plan’ model for economic development. To imitate Soviet model of socialism and focus on a state directed Growth of Heavy Industry. The First Five Year Plan ran from 1953 to 1957. It was based on a Soviet model for economic and industrial expansion, and marked a shift in focus away from the peasants toward urban industrial projects. Nature Establishment National Resource Committee Achieved by Slashing Public Expenditure and Raising Taxation Show Projects was Road and Rail Bridge across Yangzi at Nanking Development of Industry Coal Steel Petro-Chemicals Automobile and Transport Results Successes The greatest increases were in steel and coal, with steel production beating expected targets. Steel production grew from 1.3 million tones in 1952 to 5.2 million tonnes in 1957. The First Five Year Plan significantly shaped life in industrial urban centres. Quality of life improved, indicated by significant increases in life expectancy, housing and income – however, everyday life was also strictly controlled through the danwei, or work unit. Failures State ownership dramatically expanded during this period, so that most enterprises, food distribution and land all came under centralised government control. This had adverse effects on rural areas, with grain production not keeping pace with industrial and population growth. The first cracks appeared towards the end of the First Five Year Plan, as the increasing demand to feed an expanding urban population intensified criticism and opposition to rural collectivisation.

Question 2

What are our Main Intro points? 3

Accepted Answer

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took control of China in 1949, the national economy was underdeveloped and lacking in heavy industry, mining, steel production, manufacturing and infrastructure. Following the Korean War, Mao Zedong and the CCP decided to prioritise economic development. Mao Zedong consolidated his power until his death by putting in place The First five Year Plan, The Hundred Flowers Campaign, The Great Leap Forward and The Cultural Revolution.

Question 3

What were Hitler's challenges when he ruled in 1933? 4

Accepted Answer

Economic troubles Military restrictions (from TOV ---\> Treaty of Versailles) External pressures from France and Britain's allies Internal pressures from generals and diplomats

Question 4

What are Main Points for Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 3?

Accepted Answer

March 1936 Adolf Hitler sent German forces into the Rhineland, the border area between Germany and France. This had been declared a demilitarized zone under the Treaty of Versailles; and later confirmed in the Locarno Treaty this was a very risky move by Hitler as it might have led to a war with France. However, France would not take action without British support and the British refused to go to war over the incident, declaring that "Germany was only marching into its own back yard”. As well as this League of Nations attention was divided between the Abyssinian crisis and Hitler’s move. In the end the League condemned Hitler’s actions, but had no power to do anything else

Question 5

For this question, "Why did the British and the French choose to pursue this policy? 20 [6 (1 + 6 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 3)]", what are points for The Great Depression had started. 5

Accepted Answer

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 had a devastating effect on global markets and contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930's. There was mass unemployment and low economic growth. This caused political instability in Europe and helped lead to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis in Germany. Fascist dictatorships in Germany, Italy and Japan chose to respond to the Great Depression by becoming more aggressive. Britain and France did not want to risk war in fragile economic times. In addition, many of Britain's colonies (e.g. Canada) were also dealing with the Great Depression and it was not certain whether they would support a war against Germany.

Question 6

For this question, "Why did the British and the French choose to pursue this policy? 20 [6 (1 + 6 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 3)]", what are points for There was a recognition that the Treaty of Versailles had been too harsh. 3

Accepted Answer

This was especially true in Britain, who did not share a land border with Germany. When Hitler ordered the remilitarization of the Rhineland, one politician commented that "they are only moving into their own backyard". A similar response occurred when Germany and Austria agreed to an Anschluss.

Question 7

What are main points for 1962-1966 Power Struggle? 4 (3 + 3 + 3 + 2)

Accepted Answer

Causes The failure of the great leap forward, Mao's reputation and standing in the party was damaged. In 1962 President Liu Shaoqui and General Secretary Deng Xiaoping were invited to take over and correct the damage. Their Solution Restoration of capitalist system Admission that communism had failed Mao worried about their threat within the party Regretted giving up Chairmanship in 1958 Regretted making less public appearances after 1958 Solution Compiled little red book Prescribed for every school and curriculum. 1963 Diary of Lei Feng was first presented to the public by Lin Biao in the first of many "Learn from Lei Feng" propaganda campaigns The diary was full of accounts of Lei's admiration for Mao Zedong, his selfless deeds, and his desire to foment revolutionary spirit Lin's use of Lei's diary was part of a larger effort to improve Mao's image, which had suffered after the Great Leap Forward Later his wife, Jiang Qing urges action against opponents

Question 8

What are main points under Treaty of Rapallo? 4 ( 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 )

Accepted Answer

Signed 1922 an agreement signed on 16 April 1922 between Germany and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) also agreed to normalise their diplomatic relations and to "co-operate in a spirit of mutual goodwill in meeting the economic needs of both countries". Secretly the two sides established elaborate military cooperation, while publicly denying it Germany had the techs and factories to make it. Russia had the materials Germany needed Britain and France worried so they let Germany become a member of the League of Nations but not to Russia, yet.

Question 9

What are main points for The Cultural Revolution (1966-76)? 42

Accepted Answer

Introductory sentence Response to the power Struggle Motives Mao wanted to re-assert power over the CCP because he thought he was losing his influence over the people Preserve revolution as a peasant one Criticism of Stalin and Cult of personality in Russia, with Kruschev Convinced that the west would attack Series of phases Phase 1 Mao encourages students to put up posters attacking educational institutions for their divergence from the revolutionary past Deng and Liu Shaoqui want peace: send emissaries to calm down students Posters were put up to denounce Deng and Liu Shaoqui Liu dies in his own faeces in 1973 Deng shouted at by 3000 red guards; son thrown from a window Mao withdraws to the country and Red guards surround Zhongnanhai (the equivalent of Whitehall), and, as directed by Jiang Quing and Lin Bao, jeer / maim / kill rightist officials that had betrayed the revolution and become soviet style revisionists. Phase 2 - "The Red Guard Terror" Radio and TV stations taken over to show what is culture Victimisers became victims Some sickened by occurrences, then accused Intra-faction wars Workers Vs. Students Regional Students Vs. Other Regional Students General Change in Culture Destruction of Four Olds Thought Culture Customs Habits Reinterpretation of history into Good and Bad Underlined by Marxist idea that culture is symptomatic of the political and social circumstances Most artists sent to re-education camps Final Phase In the late 1960's Mao calls an end to the revolution and brings in the PLA. The students got a new assignment to go into the countryside and learn from the peasants. To experience the dignity of labour To enhance their understanding of the revolution 1972 Death of Lin Bao Growing power means he is submitted for reeducation Plots Mao's assassination Discovered, boards plane to flee for Russia Shot down over Mongolia Results Millions of men and women, (teachers, politicians and parents not revolutionary enough) denounced and tortured to death Education systems were abandoned and Chinese culture became sterile

Question 10

When was The Hundred Flowers Campaign ?

Accepted Answer

1957

Question 11

What are the Phase 2 - "The Red Guard Terror" for The Cultural Revolution (1966-76)? 6 ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 1)

Accepted Answer

Radio and TV stations taken over to show what is culture Victimisers became victims Some sickened by occurrences, then accused Intra-faction wars Workers Vs. Students Regional Students Vs. Other Regional Students General Change in Culture Destruction of Four Olds Thought Culture Customs Habits Reinterpretation of history into Good and Bad Underlined by Marxist idea that culture is symptomatic of the political and social circumstances Most artists sent to re-education camps

Question 12

When was The First five Year Plan ?

Accepted Answer

(1953-57)

Question 13

When was Power Struggle?

Accepted Answer

1962-1966

Question 14

When was The Cultural Revolution ?

Accepted Answer

(1966-76)

Question 15

What is our Skeleton paragraph? 10

Accepted Answer

Introduction Social The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957) Economic The First five Year Plan (1953-57) The Great Leap Forward (1958) Political 1962-1966 Power Struggle The Cultural Revolution (1966-76) Conclusion

Question 16

What were the effects of Appeasement? 11 [4 ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 4)]

Accepted Answer

It encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive. It allowed Germany to become stronger. By seizing resource-rich territories, Hitler was creating a stronger country with a powerful economy that could wage war for longer. It blinded British and French politicians to Hitler's untrustworthiness. As they were invested in Appeasement (they were trying to impress voters too), they desperately wanted to believe that Hitler was telling the truth about his intentions. Did they believe him to easily at the Munich Conference in 1938 when he declared that the Sudetenland was the limit of his territorial ambitions. Appeasement was reliant on the belief that Hitler was an honest and reasonable diplomatic partner and British and French leaders assumed that he was, in hindsight against their better judgments. Hitler took complete advantage of this naivety. It antagonized the USSR. Stalin felt that Britain and France were trying to encourage a German war with the Soviet Union in order to destroy two potential enemies. As a result, Stalin felt he had no choice but to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939 and contributed to his ever-increasing paranoia about the West. This would become even more significant during the beginnings of the Cold War.

Question 17

What are main points under Hoare–Laval Pact? 2

Accepted Answer

secret December 1935 proposal by British Foreign Secretary Samuel Hoare and French Prime Minister Pierre Laval for ending the Second Italo-Abyssinian War The British government withdrew the plan, and Hoare resigned. In early 1936 Italy began a new, larger advance using poison gas, and entered Addis Ababa on 5 May 1936, ending the war.[1]

Question 18

What are the Introductory sentence for The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957)? 4

Accepted Answer

The Hundred Flowers campaign was a period in early 1957 where Mao and the CCP encouraged Chinese citizens, particularly writers and intellectuals, to voice opinions and criticisms of the party and the government. This movement began with Zhou Enlai, who hoped encouraging Chinese intellectuals would benefit the government. It was quickly taken over by Mao. Mao laid the groundwork in mid 1956 with speeches that claimed contradictions were harmless and Marxism could be subject to criticism. Mao felt that he was in touch after travelling widely in China "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of though contend".

Question 19

What are Main Points for Sudetenland Crisis 3?

Accepted Answer

September 1938 Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in order to create a greater German Reich, it contained lots of raw resources he could use to gain autarky and because the Sudetenland had excellent natural defences. Hitler annexed the Sudetenland by creating propaganda and riots to agitate the workers from the Sudetenland at how they were being treated and He manipulated Chamberlain and into allowing the Sudetenland. The French public reacted badly to the Sudetenland crisis saying it was a “shameful necessity”. Chamberlain thought that Hitler’s demands were unreasonable.

Question 20

What were Hitler's SECOND goals with his foreign policies? 2

Accepted Answer

Build a Germany that would include all the German people Pan-Germanism

Question 21

What are Main points for Spanish Civil War? 2

Accepted Answer

17 July 1936 - 1 April 1939 Hitler used this to show his military superiority. The bombing of Guernica seriously scared Britain but especially France

Question 22

What are Main Points for Rearmament of German Army 3?

Accepted Answer

1935 - 1936 Allied forces find out that Hitler has remilitarised the German army after he has staged a massive rally celebrating the German armed forces. This is clearly in violation of The Treaty of Versailles. Allied forces do nothing, however, France were angry at Britain for yet again allowing Germany to disobey the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 23

What are the Failures for The First five Year Plan (1953-57) ? 2

Accepted Answer

State ownership dramatically expanded during this period, so that most enterprises, food distribution and land all came under centralised government control. This had adverse effects on rural areas, with grain production not keeping pace with industrial and population growth. The first cracks appeared towards the end of the First Five Year Plan, as the increasing demand to feed an expanding urban population intensified criticism and opposition to rural collectivisation.

Question 24

What did Hitler wanted Germany to become?

Accepted Answer

The strongest Nation in Europe

Question 25

What are Main Points for Anschluss 3?

Accepted Answer

March 1938 This was a union between Austria and Germany in March 1938. In February 1938 Hitler had met the Austrian Chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg, in order to demand concessions for the Austrian Nazi Party. Schuschnigg refused and was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, leader of the Austrian Nazis. On 13th March, Seyss-Inquart invited German forces to occupy Austria. Britain and France did protest Hitler’s expansion but didn’t take action. Despite this Chamberlain thought that Austria and Germany had the right to be united and the Treaty of Versailles was wrong to separate them.

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History IB SL 42S Exam: Causes of expansion - Changing diplomatic alignments in Europe; the end of collective security; appeasement AND The Rise and Rule of Mao Zedong on January 26, 2018 Flashcards

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