history medicine Flashcards
What did Paul Ehrlich do?
Searched for a ‘magic bullet’ - a chemical compound that could attack and kill the microbe causing a specific disease
What 5 things were involved in the trench system?
Communication trench, reserve trench, dug outs, support trench, frontline trench
What happened in the battle of Somme in July-November 1916?
High casualties, new strategies by British and the first use of tanks
What were the 7 main injuries and illnesses on the Western Front?
Gas attacks, head injuries, shell shock, trench fever, trench foot, bullets, shrapnel/explosive shells
What was the chain of evacuation?
Regimental Aid Post, Field Ambulance, dressing stations, casualty clearing stations, base hospitals
What did James Blundell do?
Performed the first human to human blood transfusions between 1818 and 1829
What did Karl Landsteiner do after Blundell?
Discovered three blood groups and in 1902 his colleagues found a fourth. Later discovered transfusions would only work between people of the same blood group.
How did the Thomas Splint reduce the deaths from 80% to 20%?
The splint would keep the leg rigid which would reduce blood loss
How did mobile x-ray units help massively in WW1?
They located bullets and shrapnel before operating and they could be located closer to the frontlines
What was the Carrel-Dakin method in 1917?
Sterilised salt solution was moved through the wound using tubes
When was the Black Death and what were 3 things thought to have caused it?
1348 and was caused by God, miasma and flagellants
When was the first public health act and what were 3 factors of it?
Clean water, medical officers and clean streets
What were 2 things Galen came up with?
Brain controlled speech and arteries carried blood around the body
How did the church help but hinder medicine?
Helped- universities, doctors had to be trained, importance of public health
Hinder- Forbidding dissections, rely on prayers, only learning Galen
When was the printing press introduced and why was it so important?
1440
Spread ideas quickly, no mistakes and mass production
When was the X-Ray discovered and why were they so important?
1895
Doctors could see inside human body’s without operations and saved thousands of lives in WW1 as surgeons were able to operate more accurately
What was the difference between the public health act in 1848 and the one in 1875?
In 1875 the rules such as providing clean water and disposal of all sewage were enforced to be carried out by councils
Why was Joseph Lister important in the Industrial period?
He made link between microbes and disease, figured out carbolic acid cleaned wounds + equipment which led to operating theatres being thoroughly cleaned
