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History of Broadway Midterm > History of Broadway Midterm > Flashcards

History of Broadway Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Frank Loesser

A

Guys and Dolls, 1950

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2
Q

Reuben Mamoulian

A

Porgy and Bess

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3
Q

Florenz Ziegfeld

A

Ziegfeld Follies

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4
Q

Verse Chorus

A

Very common in pop music or as a narrative form in theatre (Oh What a Beautiful Mornin’), looks like ABABAB, but with a bridge (C section)

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5
Q

grand opera

A

19th century-present; 4-5 acts, large scale casts and orchestras, plot surrounds historical events

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6
Q

Blake and Sissle

A

Shuffle Along, 1921, blues, swing, jazz

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7
Q

Verse Intro

A

AABA; standard theatre form in 20s and 30s (I Got Rhythm). Verse intro gives context-usually 32 bar AABA tune that not in time and doesn’t come back (Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered)

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8
Q

Actor’s Equity Association

A

started in 1919 actors payed every Thursday evening, minimums, work rules, post bond, hours, salary

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9
Q

ASCAP

A

american society of composers, authors, and publishers: protects music copyrights- collects licensing fees from users of ASCAP member’s music and then pays ASCAP musicians royalties
created in 1914 to protect Tin Pan Alley

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10
Q

John Gay

A

The Beggars Opera, 1728, ballad opera

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11
Q

motive

A

short musical phrase or idea-often recurring; Beethoven’s 5th ba ba ba BAAAAMMM

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12
Q

Master Juba

A

invented tap dance

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13
Q

George M. Cohan

A

Little Johnny Jones, 1904

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14
Q

George and Ira Gershwin

A

Porgy and Bess, 1935, grand opera and African American

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15
Q

verismo

A

realism (Puccini)

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16
Q

ballad opera

A

satirical play interspersed with traditional opera songs ex. John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera (1728)

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17
Q

Rodgers and Hart

A

A Connecticut Yankee, 1929, alliterations, love is disappointing

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18
Q

blues form

A

song where each line gets 4 bars; 3 sections of 4 makes 12 bar blues; each chorus is a rhyming couplet where first line is repeated, then 2nd line rhymes
Elvis Presley hound dog, showboat

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19
Q

Handel

A

Julius Caesar, 1724, opera seria

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20
Q

Paul Robeson

A

Showboat

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21
Q

swing 1/8th note

A

notes in swing song with first note worth 2/3 of the beat

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22
Q

Cole Porter

A

Kiss me Kate, 1948, sexual innuendos, sophisticated love

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23
Q

black face

A

white people cover their faces with blackened cork to appear to be African or African American

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24
Q

da capo aria

A

two periods repeated twice, then something different, then back to da capo (beginning verse), but with artist’s own flair on the first verse

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25
Q

Three Court Traditions

A
  1. European court ‘high art’
  2. European vernacular
  3. African American Vernacular
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26
Q

George White

A

Scandals

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27
Q

jazz

A

came out of empowerment of black soldiers during WWII; Harlem Renaissance; mixing race, mistrust of gov’t, mafia, corruption, prohibition, Charleston, and black bottom dance; Jazz singer opens 1927, kills Vaudeville, talkies open

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28
Q

European Court Tradition

A

opera, operetta, classical, ballet

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29
Q

Victor Herbert

A

Naughty Marietta, 1910, operetta

30
Q

conditional love song

A

developed by Hammerstein II, characters sing about love, but not with each other. Carousel’s If I Loved You

31
Q

interpolation

A

replayed piece of recording meant to sound exactly the same as the recording to avoid copyright clearances, abrupt change of musical elements with almost immediate resumption of mail theme or idea

32
Q

Irving Berlin

A

Annie Get Your Gun, 1946

33
Q

song pluggers

A

someone who played songs anywhere in hopes that a producer would put it in their show or a singer would make it their novelty number

34
Q

How can you tell the difference between Rodgers and Hart, Cole Porter, and George and Ira Gershwin?

A
  1. Rodgers and Hart-alliterations, disappointment in love
  2. Cole Porter- virtuosic, graphic sexual innuendos, obvious rhyme use, sophisticated Eurocentric references
  3. complex harmony, conscious of European form with African American Idiom, embracing love
35
Q

32 bar song

A

AABA tin pan alley songs, std, theatre form,. 4 sections, each 8 bars in length. A sections are the same with same hook at end. B sections are the harmony that contrasts A.

36
Q

burlesque

A

sort of like a comedy variety show- parody, caricatures, skits

37
Q

Al Jolson

A

The Jazz Singer

38
Q

difference between grand opera and operetta

A

grand opera: 3+ acts, use lower chest register, all song, historical plot
operetta- 1-2 acts, use upper head register, spoken scene interspersed with song, comedy

39
Q

general historical geography of theatre district

A

broadway became national theatre district post civil war, then centered around union square at 14th and brdwy,, 1900 w 57 st along brdwy to 40th, no one went above 42nd because of prostitution and corruption, 1899 Hammerstein opens Victoria theatre on 42nd and 7th, 1900-1904 subway built, ends at 42nd and broadway at times square, 1904-presen broadway centered around times square

40
Q

What did John Gay’s Beggar’s Opera lead to?

A

3 penny opera and cabaret

41
Q

opera seria

A

18th cent. Italian opera on a serious, usually classical or mythological theme

42
Q

ragtime

A

1895-1915, originated by black pianists, typified by syncopation; Jump Jim Crow, Turkey in the Straw, Scott Joplin’s the Entertainer (think player piano in the general store)

43
Q

Ernest Hogan

A

wrote the first coon song, all coons look alike to me, 1890

44
Q

Theresa Helburn and the Theatre Guild

A

Oklahoma

45
Q

AABA

A

standard theatre form

46
Q

blue note

A

sliding 3rd, 5th, and 7th on the pentatonic scale (black keys)

47
Q

vaudeville

A

1881-1927: created by Tony Pastor, series of 10 minute acts that lasted for two hours and played on continuous loop; wholesome for family, killed by talkies

48
Q

dissonance

A

When sounds clash, harmonic clashing

49
Q

Rodgers and Hammerstein

A

Oklahoma!, 1943

50
Q

Olsen Welles

A

The Cradle Will Rock

51
Q

Bert Williams

A

In Dahomey

52
Q

Hammerstein II and Jerome Kern

A

Showboat, 1927, operetta, blues, ragtime

53
Q

song form

A

what makes a song a song; repeated melody in which the melody and rhyme scheme are roughly the same
ex. AAA, AABA, etc.

54
Q

WPA Federal Theatre Project

A

The Cradle Will Rock

55
Q

African American Vernacular Tradition

A

minstrel (fake and derogatory), blues, church spirituals, ragtime, jazz, rock & roll, funk, and hip hop
-defined music as American, not European

56
Q

Puccini

A

La Boheme, 1895, Viverdi and Wagner

57
Q

coon song

A

stereotyped song about black people

58
Q

operetta

A

comic opera, opera bouffe, spoken scenes interspersed with song and musical numbers, almost always a comedy (characters marry at end), same vocal style as opera, but uses head register, lots of plot, shorter

59
Q

minstrel show

A 
spoof of high art that rebels against the upper class by denigrating black people; led to style of 2 comedians-one smart and one dumb-Abbott and Costello
stupidity and burnt cork became the expected stereotype-even black people had to do it
60
Q

syncopation

A

playing on the off beat

61
Q

Alfred Drake

A

Oklahoma

62
Q

music publisher

A

people that produced copies of and sold sheet music. Charles K. Harris’ after the ball was the first to sell over a million copies

63
Q

tin pan alley

A

W. 28th street between broadway and 6th ave., where most of the new music was written; called tin pan alley because before A/C ever office window was open and all the pianos sounded like tin pans being banged together

64
Q

hook

A

repeated line you remember

65
Q

lietmotif

A

short musical phrase that corresponds with certain characters or themes; Javert from Les Mis, Darth Vader

66
Q

Agnes De Mille

A

Oklahoma

67
Q

Leonard Bernstein

A

West Side Story, 1957

68
Q

European Vernacular Tradition

A

folk/ethnic, people’s tradition- polka, tarantella, Irish dancing/clogging, tap dance (combo of African American and Irish clogging)

69
Q

Ethel Merman

A

Anything Goes

70
Q

Lew Lewis

A

Blackbirds Revue

History of Broadway Midterm (1 decks)

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